بررسی تأثیر متقابل پیشران‌های پارک‌های علم و فنّاوری ایران

Extended Abstract
Abstract
Science and Technology Parks are organizations that work by creating the necessary infrastructure for the development of innovation and technology through competition and the integration of technology companies, and are managed by professional managements to achieve this goal. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Cross Impact Analysis of driving force that, in addition to being effective and influential than other driving force, are most important for the development of these organizations. This study, considering the multiplicity of factors affecting the management of science and technology parks, examines the effect of these factors on each other and on the management of these parks as a dependent variable.
In terms of purpose, the research method is practical. The required data to analyze the interaction of causes were obtained through expert opinions and by Delphi method, and the interaction of propellants with MicMac software was analyzed. The statistical population of this study is experts and managers in the field of science and technology, and sampling has been done consecutively based on the method of snowball until the adequacy of the respondents has been reached.
Based on the results, factors such as effective support for the park as a development center, creating a value chain of technology, commercialization of science and technology, the ability to transfer, disseminate and absorb technology, market risks and facilitate the export of technological products in management of science and technology parks, have the most strategic position in the development of these organizations.
Introduction
By studying successful and progressive organizations, we conclude that they have intelligently pursued the role and effectiveness of capable management in dealing with these conditions in pursuing their goals in relation to effective environmental developments and current challenges. By adopting effective and comprehensive strategies and programs in using efficient methods - considering the effective factors in this field in discovering talents and finding talented and capable people and creating a suitable space for investment - in the first place inside the organization and in the later stages outside the organization, they have achieved success (Faems, 2005).
Therefore, it is necessary that science and technology parks, which create the necessary infrastructure to support companies located in the park, contribute to the development of the economics of students in society; be aware of the internal and environmental factors that affect your performance. About two decades ago, the first scientific and research town of Isfahan was established in 2000 in Iran. Now 43 parks and about 200 growth centers of technology units have been set up in the country.
Reflecting on studies of science and technology parks, we find that most of them have used common categories and formats to explain the factors and components that affect these organizations. However, this study presents a new category of driving force of these organizations, which based on the social, economic, and political conditions of Iran with an approach to the future of research.
Given the multiplicity of factors influencing the management of science and technology parks, the main question of this study is what is the effect of these factors on each other and on science and technology parks as a dependent variable? In addition, which of these factors influencing science and technology parks is the most influential and influential among the other factors in this study called driving force. Which could be the basis for future studies in science and technology parks.
Case study
The statistical population of this study is experts and managers in the field of science and technology, and sampling has been done consecutively based on the method of snowball until the adequacy of the respondents has been reached.
According to the research topic, respondents should have sufficient knowledge and experience in the field of science and technology to be able to judge the effect of each factor on each other in detail, so these people should have the following characteristics / competencies:. They should have:
- Must have at least 10 years of experience at the managerial / strategic levels in field of science and technology
-Have specialized knowledge and well-known in the field of science and technology management
Research Methodology
According to the purpose this research is applied one, and based on the research method carried out by Delphi method. In other words, in the first part of the research in order to review the literature and background of the research, using the method of documentary studies have been used and the theoretical framework of the research was developed. Also, the required data on the Cross Impact Analysis of driving force have been collected and analyzed based on the opinions of experts and by Delphi method. The tools used in this study are to analyze the Cross Impact Analysis.
Before performing the first round of Delphi, the validity of the questionnaire was examined through the method of approval of the focus group along with the holding of the panel of experts. In addition, in order to evaluate the reliability of the research, Cronbach's alpha coefficient has been calculated, which is at an acceptable level. Experts' opinions regarding the comparison of a pair of 18 selected drivers of science and technology parks as effective factors on these organizations have been summarized in the form of a two-dimensional matrix analysis of the interaction of the leaders and then analyzed with Micmac software.
Discussion and Results
Therefore, the driving force that have the most strategic position are as follows:
1. Effective support for the park as a regional development center and long-term investment
2. Creating a technology value chain and establishing international companies by interacting with other parks around the world
3. Commercialization of science and technology
4.Ability to transfer, disseminate and absorb technology
5.Market risks (currency risk and inflation risk) and trade
6.Facilitate export of technological products
7. Sustainability of the macro economy and investment security in the region
8.Variety in the provision of financial resources for the development of technology, including bold investment VC, investment angels and ...
9.The share of research and development budget from the country's GNp < br /> 10. Competency, knowledge and expertise in park management
Suggestion
• Design and establishment of a comprehensive quality assurance system in science and technology parks
• • Reviewing the rules and regulations related to the appointment of managers of science and technology parks and recruiting human resources in order to establish a meritocracy system in the management of science and technology parks.
• Efforts to complete the chain of ideas to product and commercialize the achievements through
• Ensuring that policies are monitored and implemented, and that efforts are made to streamline and develop technology policies.
• Increasing the impact of network technologies on the development of science and technology parks
• Avoidance of policymakers and those in charge of the country's economy from hasty behaviors that lead to market turmoil.
• Increasing the financial resources required for the development of technology, and especially increasing the budget for R&D activities, is increasing exponentially and based on the economic realities of the country until reaching the intended goal in the country's R&D development document