نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
استادیار گروه مدیریت دانشگاه پیامنور، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abstract
The country's free trade zones have always been one of the basic issues of the officials and economic policymakers of the Islamic Republic of Iran; As by examining the country's macroeconomic policies and five-year development plans, it is clear that the export-oriented development of free zones is considered one of the most important economic issues in the country's upstream documents. Based on this, the governments in the Islamic Republic of Iran are trying to provide opportunities for increasing the export of free trade zones in the country by providing export stimuli in different formats and forms. The present article, while identifying the influential export drivers in free trade zones centered on Aras Free Zone, has attempted to stratify and determine their relationships in the form of a structural-interpretive model (ISM).
Introduction
Export is not just a word, but it has great and extensive consequences in terms of the development of the country, the promotion of social welfare, employment and especially the employment of the country's educated manpower, the promotion of national power and the links of the national economy with the world economy; And in this way, it effectively helps to maintain and maintain national security. The development of free zones, focusing on export markets, will use the vast human, physical, and natural resources of the country in an optimal and efficient manner, and due to industrial connections, with its extensive diffusion and induction effects, it will lead to the prosperity of the national economy.
In recent years, several measures have been taken, including the establishment of export incentives, in order to develop the export of free zones in the country. According to the annual reports of the Trade Development Organization of Iran, despite the increase in non-oil exports, this increase is not what the country and its potential deserve. Among the reasons that have had an important effect on this issue is the level of perception of export drivers and not paying attention to their mutual effects. Based on this, this article tries to stratify and determine their relationships in the form of a structural model, due to Iran's potential in exporting free trade zones and its role in the country's economic mobility. make an interpretation It is hoped that the results of this research will be taken into consideration by the decision makers and planners of the export development of the country's free trade zones.
Case study
Since the ISM method has a qualitative approach and is based on the opinions of experts, the opinions of 23 experts in the field of export in Aras Free Zone have been used.
Materials and Methods
The current research is a descriptive-applied research that was conducted in the field in terms of methodology; And the library method has been used as a complementary method in this research. In a step-by-step approach using library studies and conducting interviews with experts, first the important drivers and their main indicators in the development of exports of free trade zones centered on Aras Free Zone were determined. Then, an interview card was compiled for the leveling of export drivers identified in the Aras Free Zone. The desired information was collected in the form of field research from companies producing products at the level of Aras Free Trade Zone.
An expert-oriented approach was used to analyze the information in the form of structural-interpretive modeling method; The findings of which are presented based on the views and opinions of the experts of the statistical research community, in the form of different matrices and finally the stratified model of the relations of export drivers in free economic zones, centered on Aras Free Zone.
Discussion and Results
The final and main result of the research includes an integrated model of export drivers in free trade zones, centered on Aras Free Zone, in a hierarchy with one-way or two-way relations. free zones are obtained; And it helps managers and decision-makers in the field of trade and export of the country to have a comprehensive view and attitude of the complex relationships between the drivers affecting the export field of free zones. This issue also enables managers and decision makers to have proper order and direction in their policies and to identify priorities.
The model obtained from the research shows four drivers: 1- delegation of authority to the provinces and decentralization in export planning and development, 2- development of commercial and export infrastructure, 3- transparency of laws and elimination of redundant regulations in the export process, 4- formation of tables Export specialization is one of the basic factors in the development of exports of free zones based on the opinion of experts in the statistical research community.
Five drivers: 1- Development and strengthening of export enterprises and organizations, 2- Market research and marketing in the target countries for export, 3- Reforming the pricing process of export products, 4- Development and promotion of parts packaging, 5- Development and attraction of foreign investment in the regions Free trade of the country is among the final drivers in the integrated leveling model of export drivers in the free zone of Aras. Of course, according to the return relations in the research model, export stimuli are also influential on their basic stimuli. If by examining the MICMAC matrix, most of the export drivers are located in the linked area or close to it; This issue indicates that most of the export drivers in the free trade zones of Ares have effective relationships and are influenced by each other.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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