Mapping the Effective Factors in Designing Sustainable Business Model Innovation: The Meta-Synthesis Method

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Profesor., Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Prof., Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

3 PhD candidate in business administration, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Abstract
Despite the fact that business models have been studied in much research, it seems that business models have stopped in the era of technology and have not fully engaged with sustainability and the post-pandemic era. The aim of the current research is to identify the effective factors in the design of sustainable and innovative business models based on a systematic review of the characteristics of these models for the first time, in which the content analysis of scientific documents has been done in a meta- Synthesis method. The statistical population includes all articles published in English in the aforementioned field, which were determined by a systematic review of 161 selected samples and their validity with the Critical Assessment Skills Program (CASP). The research findings were identified by content analysis and using MAXQDA software, combined in the form of 50 components and 260 codes, and ranked using Shannon's entropy method. Based on the results of the components of dynamic capabilities in drivers, the processes related to innovation and its implementation in the business model and competitive advantage in the results were identified as the most important components. Cohen's kappa index was used to measure the validity of the study. Finally, the results of the research were presented in the form of a comprehensive framework model of drivers, sustainable business model innovation, and consequences. The proposed model can be used as a basis by managers, policymakers and entrepreneurs for the effective use of economic, social and environmental strategies in an innovative way.
 
Introduction
The essence of a business model lies in defining the manner in which the enterprise delivers value to customers, entices customers to pay for value, and converts those payments to profit (Teece, 2010). Also the value proposition provides measurable ecological and social value in harmony with economic value (Bocken, Schuit, & Kraaijenhagen, 2018). Studies have therefore argued that the required fundamental changes in the purpose of business and in many aspects of how it is conducted necessitate sustainable business model innovation (Bocken et al., 2014). Research questions are:

What are the effective factors in sustainable and innovative business models, and how can they be classified?
What are the driving forces and consequences for the implementation of sustainable and innovative business models, and how can they be classified?
What is the importance of each of the components of the sustainable and innovative business model in the three parts of the main model: drivers and consequences?

Materials and Methods
Using the meta-synthesis approach and the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Barroso, the research is done. This research seeks to answer the questions, What? Who? When? And how? According to the responses of components, drivers and consequences of sustainabl business model innovation, the Web of Science and Scopus databases, the time period from 1994 to 2023 and finally, secondary data analysis and how to categorize their answers, which are in line with the main research questions mentioned earlier. To select suitable texts from among the 3559 articles searched to carry out the synthesis process, four steps were used. In this research, by using the CASP tool, the selected articles of the meta-synthesis method were identified. In the current research, each of the 161 selected articles was carefully studied, and key points related to each one in the form of key codes (components) were noted down in the open coding method. Accuracy and validation in the implementation method using the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Barroso, benefiting from the calculation of the Kappa statistic index to 0.67 and the significance level of less than 0.05.
Discussion and Results
In this research, according to the purpose of this article, which is to present a comprehensive and holistic model of drivers, sustainable and innovative business models and consequences based on the meta-combination method, after reviewing 161 reviewed articles, 50 components and 260 identified codes, the elements of sustainable and innovative business models in the form of drivers (two categories, 15 components and 60 codes), business models (seven categories, 27 components and 156 codes) and consequences (three categories, 8 components and 44 codes) have been classified. The business model consisted of 156 codes, which were classified into 27 components and seven categories. The drivers consisted of 60 codes, which were classified into 15 components and two categories. Also, the results were made up of 44 codes, which are classified in the form of eight components and three categories.
Conclusion
According to the research results, among the drivers, dynamic capabilities are the most important and ranked first. In the business models, the component of processes related to innovation and its implementation, which is among the categories of value creation, has the first rank. In terms of consequences, the competitive advantage component, which is in the category of economic consequences have first rank. The present research has innovated and contributed to scientific participation in several ways. First, a comprehensive research with a systematic review method has not been done in order to accurately identify the effective factors in sustainable and innovative business models. Also, in this research, inspired by the sustainable business model (Bocken et al., 2018), a new model of events, a sustainable and innovative business model, and its consequences have been presented for the first time.

Keywords

References

منابع فارسی
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Public Management Researches
Volume 18, Issue 69 - Serial Number 69
September 2025
Pages 91-122

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