Presenting a Structural Model for Preventing Corruption in Educational Institutions

Abstract
Abstract
Considering the increase of administrative corruption in organizations and the wide role of individual behavior abnormalities and the creation of administrative corruption and the extent of this phenomenon, investigating and providing a constructive solution to prevent this problem can play an important and effective role in the health of the society. The main goal of the current research is to present a comprehensive structural model of effective factors in the prevention of administrative corruption in educational institutions. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and mixed-exploratory in terms of execution. The statistical population at the qualitative level includes the experts of Tehran universities and at the quantitative level it includes the employees, experts and managers of Tehran universities. To collect data in the qualitative phase, semi-open interviews with experts using the Delphi method were used in two rounds, and in the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was used to survey the employees. In order to achieve the degree of convergent validity and correlation of the collected data, composite reliability and average variance tests were used. The results of his research have shown that all factors affecting the prevention of administrative corruption in educational institutions are in a favorable condition. While (management factors) are not in a good condition.
Introduction 
Administrative corruption is a global problem and is the biggest obstacle to reform and the biggest obstacle to progress in any country. If the goal in the administrative system is to achieve complete health, then various factors affecting it should be taken into consideration. Corruption in the education system is a global phenomenon and there are many meanings of it among the experts, which mainly revolve around the violation of educational laws and scientific and ethical norms. Considering the increase of administrative corruption in Iranian organizations and the pervasive role of individual behavior abnormalities and the incidence of administrative corruption and the extent of this phenomenon, studying and providing a constructive solution to prevent this problem can play an effective role in the health of the society and have a country Among different researches, different factors have been explained and presented as factors of corruption prevention and factors affecting administrative health. It is not possible to process and study all the mentioned factors in one research. The lack of research conducted in the field of examining the factors of preventing administrative corruption at the university level and the existence of a research gap in this field has led the researcher to explain the concept of administrative health and categorize the factors affecting it, the factors of preventing administrative corruption in university educational institutions. to be presented in Tehran.
Case study
Most scholars and international organizations have defined corruption in the simplest and most common definition of "abuse of public power for personal gain." Corruption is an illegitimate tool in satisfying illegitimate demands from the administrative system. Corruption, also known as low-level or street-level corruption, is the same thing that happens every day in dealing with general managers in departments such as hospitals, schools, police and customs, and the like. Give  This leads to useless issues and waste of financial and spiritual resources. Corruption in the production and publication of books, articles, dissertations, researches, conferences is one of the indicators in research.. Professional Ethics A set of ethical actions and reactions adopted by organizations to professional associations to establish the most desirable relationships possible for their members in the performance of their professional duties. Provided. Weakness in professional ethics leads to reduced communication and increased damage in the organization Corruption violates the rule of law, administrative regulations, and ethical conduct. This deviation can be accompanied by an illegitimate reward for forcing a person to disobey a duty..
Materials and Methods
This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and mixed-exploratory in terms of execution. The statistical population at the qualitative level is the experts of the national universities of Tehran metropolis, 32 of whom were selected using a targeted method and snowball technique. At the quantitative level, the statistical population of this research includes employees, experts and administrators of Tehran universities. The number of the statistical population was 13279 people based on the surveys, the statistical sample size was determined to be 373 people using Cochran's formula, and a simple random method was used for sampling.  First, based on the background of the research, the initial conceptual framework of the design and then using a qualitative approach (using the Delphi method) have been surveyed. To collect data in the qualitative phase, semi-open interviews with experts using the Delphi method were used in two rounds, and in the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was used to survey the employees. In this research, the reliability was done through review by experts. Composite reliability and average variance tests have been used to obtain the convergent validity and correlation of the collected data.
Discussion and Results   
In this research, using the opinions of elites and through interviews, the initial formation of the components and questions of the questionnaire of effective factors in preventing administrative corruption in educational institutions has been done. Based on the results of the Delphi test, 54 questions were accepted, of which 58 were approved. The remaining items in the research include individual factors, organizational factors, managerial factors, cultural factors, political factors, and legal factors. In order to identify and discover the main dimensions or structure, exploratory factor analysis has been used. The results have shown that the factor loading of all the questions related to individual, managerial, organizational, cultural, political and legal factors is more than 0.3 and shows the impact of the questions in the formation of the component of factors effective in reducing administrative corruption.
Conclusion  
The ISM model of research for effective factors in the prevention of administrative corruption in educational institutions of the country is placed at the highest level, individual factors and organizational factors, and at the second level, there are managerial factors, cultural factors and political factors, and at the third level, judicial (legal) factors. contract.
Introduction 
     Administrative corruption is a global problem and is the biggest obstacle to reform and the biggest obstacle to progress in any country. If the goal in the administrative system is to achieve complete health, then various factors affecting it should be taken into consideration. Corruption in the education system is a global phenomenon and there are many meanings of it among the experts, which mainly revolve around the violation of educational laws and scientific and ethical norms. Considering the increase of administrative corruption in Iranian organizations and the pervasive role of individual behavior abnormalities and the incidence of administrative corruption and the extent of this phenomenon, studying and providing a constructive solution to prevent this problem can play an effective role in the health of the society and have a country Among different researches, different factors have been explained and presented as factors of corruption prevention and factors affecting administrative health. It is not possible to process and study all the mentioned factors in one research. The lack of research conducted in the field of examining the factors of preventing administrative corruption at the university level and the existence of a research gap in this field has led the researcher to explain the concept of administrative health and categorize the factors affecting it, the factors of preventing administrative corruption in university educational institutions. to be presented in Tehran.
Case study
     Most scholars and international organizations have defined corruption in the simplest and most common definition of "abuse of public power for personal gain." Corruption is an illegitimate tool in satisfying illegitimate demands from the administrative system. Corruption, also known as low-level or street-level corruption, is the same thing that happens every day in dealing with general managers in departments such as hospitals, schools, police and customs, and the like. Give  This leads to useless issues and waste of financial and spiritual resources. Corruption in the production and publication of books, articles, dissertations, researches, conferences is one of the indicators in research.. Professional Ethics A set of ethical actions and reactions adopted by organizations to professional associations to establish the most desirable relationships possible for their members in the performance of their professional duties. Provided. Weakness in professional ethics leads to reduced communication and increased damage in the organization Corruption violates the rule of law, administrative regulations, and ethical conduct. This deviation can be accompanied by an illegitimate reward for forcing a person to disobey a duty..
Methodology
      This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and mixed-exploratory in terms of execution. The statistical population at the qualitative level is the experts of the national universities of Tehran metropolis, 32 of whom were selected using a targeted method and snowball technique. At the quantitative level, the statistical population of this research includes employees, experts and administrators of Tehran universities. The number of the statistical population was 13279 people based on the surveys, the statistical sample size was determined to be 373 people using Cochran's formula, and a simple random method was used for sampling.  First, based on the background of the research, the initial conceptual framework of the design and then using a qualitative approach (using the Delphi method) have been surveyed. To collect data in the qualitative phase, semi-open interviews with experts using the Delphi method were used in two rounds, and in the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was used to survey the employees. In this research, the reliability was done through review by experts. Composite reliability and average variance tests have been used to obtain the convergent validity and correlation of the collected data.
Discussion and Results   
     In this research, using the opinions of elites and through interviews, the initial formation of the components and questions of the questionnaire of effective factors in preventing administrative corruption in educational institutions has been done. Based on the results of the Delphi test, 54 questions were accepted, of which 58 were approved. The remaining items in the research include individual factors, organizational factors, managerial factors, cultural factors, political factors, and legal factors. In order to identify and discover the main dimensions or structure, exploratory factor analysis has been used. The results have shown that the factor loading of all the questions related to individual, managerial, organizational, cultural, political and legal factors is more than 0.3 and shows the impact of the questions in the formation of the component of factors effective in reducing administrative corruption.
Conclusion  
      The ISM model of research for effective factors in the prevention of administrative corruption in educational institutions of the country is placed at the highest level, individual factors and organizational factors, and at the second level, there are managerial factors, cultural factors and political factors, and at the third level, judicial (legal) factors. contract.
Keywords: Structural factors, prevention, administrative corruption, educational institutions.