ارائه مدل پیشایندها و پیامدهای چندپیشگی کارکنان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته مدیریت منابع انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

 با وجود گسترش پدیده چندپیشگی کارکنان در محیط نامطمئن و پیچیده بازار کار، هنوز اجماع نظری مشخصی در خصوص پیشایندها و پیامدهای آن وجود ندارد. بدین منظور هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه مدل پدیده چندپیشگی در قالب شناسایی پیشایندها و پیامدهای آن می‏باشد. در این تحقیق به منظور شناسایی پیشایندها و پیامدهای چندپیشگی ابتدا با استفاده از رویکرد فراترکیب و روش هفت مرحله ‏ای سندلوفسکی و باروسو، منابع علمی مرتبط با پدیده چندپیشگی شناسایی و مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. روایی مقالات منتخب با استفاده از چک لیست استاندارد گلین و پایایی آن‏ها به کمک روش هولستی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. سپس در گام دوم مصاحبه‏های نیمه‏ ساختاریافته با 28 نفر از کارکنان چندپیشه که به کمک روش نمونه‏ گیری هدفمند متوالی و با استفاده هم‏زمان از تکنیک گلوله برفی و روش فرصت‏ طلبانه انتخاب شدند؛ انجام شد و براساس روش تحلیل مضمون و با استفاده از نرم ‏افزار MAXQDA، مضامین سطوح مختلف شناسایی شدند. در این مرحله برای ارزیابی اعتبار و اعتمادپذیری پژوهش از تکنیک ‏های پیشنهادی لینکن و گوبا استفاده شد. یافته‏ های حاصل از هر دو مرحله پژوهش منجر به ارائه مدلی از پدیده‏ چندپیشگی با پیشایندهای فردی، پیشایندهای شغلی و پیشایندهای محیطی هرکدام با زیرمؤلفه ‏های مختلف و همچنین پیامدهای فردی، پیامدهای مرتبط با کار و پیامدهای اقتصادی- اجتماعی هر کدام با دو سطح کاهنده و افزاینده، گردید. این مدل، بینش عمیق‏تری در مورد ناهمگونی پیشایندها و پیامدهای چندپیشگی ارائه می دهد که می ‏تواند راهنمای عمل مدیران و تصمیم‏ گیرندگان قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Model of Antecedents and Consequences of Moonlighting

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasim Afshar-kaveh 1
  • Alireza Koushkie 2
  • Mirali Seyed Naghavi 3
  • Saeed Zarandi 4
1 1. PhD Student in Human Resource Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
2 2. Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Despite the widespread phenomenon of moonlighting in the uncertain and complex environment of the labor market, there is still no definite theoretical consensus on its antecedents and consequences. In this sense, the aim of the present research is to provide a model for moonlighting in the form of identifying the precedents and their consequences. The researchers first employed the meta-synthesis strategy, which is based on Sindlovsky and Barroso's seven-step process, to locate and examine scientific articles pertaining to the moonlighting phenomenon in order to determine its causes and effects. The Glynn standard check list was used to confirm the selected articles' reliability, and the holistic method was employed to assess their validity. Subsequently, in the second phase, 28 multiple job-holder were chosen using a targeted continuous sampling method in conjunction with the opportunity and snowball methods. Following a semi-structured interview, the data were coded using extensive, organizing, and basic codes utilizing MAXQDA software and the thematic analysis approach. The findings from both stages of the research resulted in the provision of a model for the moonlighting phenomenon with individual, work related, and environmental antecedents, each with different sub-components as well as individual, work-related, and socio-economic consequences with two layers. This model provides a deeper insight into the discrepancy between the antecedents and the moonlighting consequences that can guide managers and decision-makers.
Introduction
This phenomenon has varying effects on the individual and the organization and is typically driven by a combination of financial and non-financial incentives. The spectrum of non-financial incentives, which include social recognition, skill development, career advancement, and the enjoyment of a second job, has both positive and negative effects on people and organizations. To effectively manage this widespread occurrence around the world, a more precise and comprehensive understanding of the causes and effects of moonlighting is necessary. Thus, it may be suggested that the present study attempts to fill the research gap and incorporate the literature on the phenomenon of moonlighting in order to provide a valuable contribution to future research and to act as a guide for researchers in the field. Accordingly, the primary research question is: What are the causes and effects of the moonlighting phenomenon?
Case study
This research has been conducted in social security organization. Interviews with 28 social security employees who held Multiple jobs and those with this experience in the past, were done
Materials and Methods
the current study is divided into two halves. Using the meta-synthesis methodology and Sandlovsky and Barroso's seven-step method, theoretical data was gathered in the first stage. This approach involved looking at all published articles in academic journals that contained the selected keywords. A total of 896 articles were identified as the statistical population; these were then whittled down to 41 by going through multiple screening stages that assessed the article's title, abstract, content, and quality were evaluated using Glynn's checklist. Interviews with 28 social security employees who held Multiple jobs and those with this experience in the past, were done in the second phase. conclusions drawn from semi-structured interviews that were put through to a MAXQDA software analysis and thematic analysis procedure.
Discussion and Results
Following the steps of thematic analysis, a total of 1552 codes were identified. Of these, 892 codes are associated with research literature (621 codes related to the antecedents and 271 codes pertaining to the consequences of moonlighting) and 660 codes are associated with semi-structured interviews (508 codes pertaining to the antecedents and 152 codes pertaining to the consequences of moonlighting).
Conclusion
The results of the two research phases were combined to create a model that describes the phenomenon of moonlighting. This model includes individual (personal resources, type of attitude, behavioral factors, demographic characteristics, and personality characteristics), environmental (family factors, organizational factors, social factors, and economic-financial factors), and job and workplace related antecedents (primary job restrictions, second job attractiveness, job centrality, and desire for job mobility). Recognize the two levels of increase and decrease in the individual, work-related, and socioeconomic consequences as well. With the use of this model, managers and other decision-makers can gain a better understanding of the diversity of the causes and effects of different types of jobs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Moonlighting
  • Antecedents of moonlighting
  • Consequences of moonlighting

مراجع

منابع فارسی
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پژوهش های مدیریت عمومی
دوره 17، شماره 65 - شماره پیاپی 65
(علمی - پژوهشی)
مهر 1403
صفحه 73-98

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