University of Sistan and Baluchestan & Iranian Academy of Management Sciences Public Management Researches 2538-3418 15 57 2022 11 22 Identifying and Prioritizing the Criteria of Strategic Jobs (Case study: Hamrahe aval Company) Identifying and Prioritizing the Criteria of Strategic Jobs (Case study: Hamrahe aval Company) 5 30 7249 10.22111/jmr.2022.38847.5500 FA Farzaneh Ghasemi Ph.D in Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Ariyan Gholi Pour Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Abooyee Ardakan Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2021 06 11 Abstract<br /> The purpose of this research is to identify strategic jobs based on changes in the first mobile strategy. Therefore, the present study tries to review, analyze and critique the classical approaches of job design and evaluation and various typologies of human resource strategies with emphasis on new approaches to job design and evaluation, evaluation and different typologies of strategic jobs according to Provide organization strategy. By providing criteria for identifying and measuring the value of strategic jobs, a suitable basis for attracting, training, retention, service compensation, succession and talent management. The approach of the present study is qualitative and in terms of data collection method is descriptive (case study) is.<br />Introduction<br />The successful implementation of any strategy requires the alignment of valuable workforce assets with other assets of the organization and finally the goals set in the strategy. Norton and Kaplan divide these intangible assets into three categories: human, informational, and organizational, and introduce their preparation as the basis for the successful implementation of any strategy (Kaplan & Norton, 2009). Preparing your human capital requires a multi-step process. The starting point of this process, which plays a key role in the effectiveness of the next steps, is the identification of strategic jobs. The jobs that make up less than 10-15% of the total jobs of the organization and have the greatest impact on the realization of the strategic goals of the organization and the implementation of the strategy (Kaplan & Norton 2009).<br />Creating readiness in the organization's human capital depends on identifying and focusing on strategic jobs in the organization; In other words, the presence of preparation in these jobs is equivalent to the strategic preparation of the human capital of the entire organization. But this preparation requires identifying these jobs in the first step.<br />Case study<br />In this research, all jobs in Hamrahe aval Company Iranconstitute the research population and data collection was conducted through purposive sampling.<br />Theoretical framework<br />In recent years, many researchers have studied the importance and consideration of key employees in strategic jobs in various industries, including Biojen-Idac, Seiko, Colgate, General Electric, and others. They believe that key employees will be valuable only when they are employed in strategic jobs. (Kang et al, 2014: 67)<br />Husslide and Baker point out that the survival of the organization depends on doing effective work in strategic jobs; Jobs that are related to the core processes of the organization and even the effectiveness of other jobs in the organization depends on them.<br />Materials and Method<br />The approach of the present study is qualitative and in terms of data collection method is descriptive (case study). The statistical population of the study is the managers of the first mobile company. Using purposive sampling method, data were collected from 15 experts through interviews and then collected using a questionnaire and its distribution among 147 experts; in the first stage, qualitative data were extracted through interviews and questionnaires. Then, using MAXQDA-2020 software, team analysis was performed and strategic job criteria were determined.<br />Discussion and Results<br />After each interview, the text of the interviews was typed and the text of the interviews was coded with the help of MAXQDA-2020 software. The coding done in this approach is preliminary, centralized coding. After coding, the final result was 29 preliminary codes (with a frequency of 117) which were finally obtained into 9 final codes. Realization of the organization's strategy is value creation, high cost of error and mistake.<br />Conclusion<br />This study aims to design a framework for identifying strategic jobs. The coding done in this approach is preliminary, centralized coding. After coding, the final result was 29 preliminary codes (with a frequency of 117), which resulted in 8 final codes. Organization is value creation, the high cost of error and mistake. In the second part of the research, after designing a questionnaire based on qualitative data analysis and research literature, it was distributed among 147 experts in this field. In quantitative analysis, we explored and confirmed the identified factors, and finally, in order to rank the identified factors resulting from qualitative and quantitative analysis, with the help of Friedman test, we prioritized the factors, ranking and prioritizing the factors, respectively Creation is performance variance, scarcity of manager, non-outsourcing, and consequence of error, consequence of incorrect appointment and nature of job. Abstract<br /> The purpose of this research is to identify strategic jobs based on changes in the first mobile strategy. Therefore, the present study tries to review, analyze and critique the classical approaches of job design and evaluation and various typologies of human resource strategies with emphasis on new approaches to job design and evaluation, evaluation and different typologies of strategic jobs according to Provide organization strategy. By providing criteria for identifying and measuring the value of strategic jobs, a suitable basis for attracting, training, retention, service compensation, succession and talent management. The approach of the present study is qualitative and in terms of data collection method is descriptive (case study) is.<br />Introduction<br />The successful implementation of any strategy requires the alignment of valuable workforce assets with other assets of the organization and finally the goals set in the strategy. Norton and Kaplan divide these intangible assets into three categories: human, informational, and organizational, and introduce their preparation as the basis for the successful implementation of any strategy (Kaplan & Norton, 2009). Preparing your human capital requires a multi-step process. The starting point of this process, which plays a key role in the effectiveness of the next steps, is the identification of strategic jobs. The jobs that make up less than 10-15% of the total jobs of the organization and have the greatest impact on the realization of the strategic goals of the organization and the implementation of the strategy (Kaplan & Norton 2009).<br />Creating readiness in the organization's human capital depends on identifying and focusing on strategic jobs in the organization; In other words, the presence of preparation in these jobs is equivalent to the strategic preparation of the human capital of the entire organization. But this preparation requires identifying these jobs in the first step.<br />Case study<br />In this research, all jobs in Hamrahe aval Company Iranconstitute the research population and data collection was conducted through purposive sampling.<br />Theoretical framework<br />In recent years, many researchers have studied the importance and consideration of key employees in strategic jobs in various industries, including Biojen-Idac, Seiko, Colgate, General Electric, and others. They believe that key employees will be valuable only when they are employed in strategic jobs. (Kang et al, 2014: 67)<br />Husslide and Baker point out that the survival of the organization depends on doing effective work in strategic jobs; Jobs that are related to the core processes of the organization and even the effectiveness of other jobs in the organization depends on them.<br />Materials and Method<br />The approach of the present study is qualitative and in terms of data collection method is descriptive (case study). The statistical population of the study is the managers of the first mobile company. Using purposive sampling method, data were collected from 15 experts through interviews and then collected using a questionnaire and its distribution among 147 experts; in the first stage, qualitative data were extracted through interviews and questionnaires. Then, using MAXQDA-2020 software, team analysis was performed and strategic job criteria were determined.<br />Discussion and Results<br />After each interview, the text of the interviews was typed and the text of the interviews was coded with the help of MAXQDA-2020 software. The coding done in this approach is preliminary, centralized coding. After coding, the final result was 29 preliminary codes (with a frequency of 117) which were finally obtained into 9 final codes. Realization of the organization's strategy is value creation, high cost of error and mistake.<br />Conclusion<br />This study aims to design a framework for identifying strategic jobs. The coding done in this approach is preliminary, centralized coding. After coding, the final result was 29 preliminary codes (with a frequency of 117), which resulted in 8 final codes. Organization is value creation, the high cost of error and mistake. In the second part of the research, after designing a questionnaire based on qualitative data analysis and research literature, it was distributed among 147 experts in this field. In quantitative analysis, we explored and confirmed the identified factors, and finally, in order to rank the identified factors resulting from qualitative and quantitative analysis, with the help of Friedman test, we prioritized the factors, ranking and prioritizing the factors, respectively Creation is performance variance, scarcity of manager, non-outsourcing, and consequence of error, consequence of incorrect appointment and nature of job. https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_7249_ca7639f7470151e4fed8b89c29930131.pdf

University of Sistan and Baluchestan & Iranian Academy of Management Sciences Public Management Researches 2538-3418 15 57 2022 11 26 Corporate Social Responsibility Outcomes in Iranian Organizations: Meta-Analysis Approach Corporate Social Responsibility Outcomes in Iranian Organizations: Meta-Analysis Approach 31 58 7250 10.22111/jmr.2022.40000.5611 FA Vajhollah Ghorbanizadeh Associate professor, Public Administration Department, Faculty of Accounting and Management, Allameh Tabatabaie University , Tehran, Iran. Nahid Zamani PHD Student, Public Administration Department (Human Resources), Faculty of Accounting and Management, Allameh Tabatabaie University, Tehran, Iran. Mirali Seyed Naghavi Professor, Public Administration Department, Faculty of Accounting and Management, Allameh Tabatabaie University, Tehran, Iran. Reza Vaezi Professor, Public Administration Department, Faculty of Accounting and Management, Allameh Tabatabaie University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 09 29 Abstract<br />The purpose of this study is to identify the outcomes of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Iranian organizations using a meta-analysis approach. This is an applied research and is descriptive in terms of purpose. The statistical population is articles published in the field of CSR in Iran from 2011 to 2021. According to the defined protocol, 56 studies were eligible to be used, as samples which were utilized in the meta-analysis process. These studies were reviewed and analyzed using CMA2 software (comprehensive meta-analysis software). Findings revealed that among the outcomes of CSR at individual levels, the variables of person-organization fit (0.904); altruism (0.619) and customer-oriented behavior (0.557) have a high effect size (more than 0.5). Among the outcomes of CSR at the organizational level, the variables of organizational identity (0.940), culture (0.785), organizational trust (0.653), organizational eloquence (0.631), competitive advantage (0.597), brand value (0.564), financial performance (0.528) and brand image (0.506) have high effect size. Also, among the outcomes of CSR at the level of external stakeholders, the variables of organizational legitimacy (0.826), public trust (0.595), perceived quality (0.531) and environmental performance (0.531), respectively, have a large effect size.<br />Introduction<br />Societies, in which businesses do not act responsibly, are sentenced to pay a high price. Consequences such as environmental damage, poverty, disease, discrimination and underdevelopment will be inevitable. To fully and comprehensively explain the behavior of companies in the field of CSR, one dimension and theory cannot be addressed, but all theories of CSR should be taken into consideration.<br />A review of the researches shows that many studies have been conducted in the field of CSR in Iran. Impact of CSR on micro and macro levels such as employees, organizational variables and external stakeholders including customers have been examined. Also, there are different theoretical frameworks regarding CSR studies. Therefore, the concern of this study is the analysis of the outcomes of CSR in Iranian organizations. In This research, we tend to find the variables examined in the studies focusing on CSR outcomes in Iranian organizations which are at different levels of employees, organizational and external stakeholders.<br />Theoretical framework<br />The conceptual development of CSR has led to various definitions such as Corporate Social Performance, Business Ethics, Triple Bottom Line and Stakeholder Approach. Therefore, this concept includes different approaches and theories, but the focus is on the relationship between business and society. The basis is the integration of social and environmental issues into the economic aspects of the corporations. Stakeholders are any group or individual that has influence on or is influenced by the success of the organization's goals. Therefore, the most important stakeholders are: managers, employees, customers, investors, shareholders, suppliers, government, society in general and the local community. Every business needs the tacit or explicit permission of government, society and other stakeholders to survive.<br />Many studies have examined the relationship between CSR and corporate performance (especially financial performance). Also, applying CSR programs for some corporations is a tool to achieve a competitive advantage and involvement in CSR may result in activities aiming to improve the image of the organization and increase profits in the short term. CSR programs may affect issues related to human resources management (such as justice, diversity, empowerment, health and safety). Therefore, the motivation of businesses to implement CSR can be explained through different levels.<br />Materials and Method<br />In this research, meta-analysis method has been used. The most common use of meta-analysis is to estimate the effect size in a number of studies. This approach includes literature review, study of abstracts, reviewing the whole article and coding the selected studies. In meta-analysis, the effect size is used as the output of each study. In this research, the statistical population is articles published in the field of CSR in Iran from 2011 to 2021. Therefore, all articles published in internal databases such as Irandoc, Magiran and Noormags were identified based on defined keywords. In initial search, 181 articles were found. After reading the abstract and in some cases the whole article based on the developed protocol, 56 articles were eligible for analysis. In the next step, the required variables and statistics were extracted from the articles and coded in Excel software. Then, the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (CMA2) was used to perform statistical calculations and analysis.<br />Discussion and results<br />At the level of internal stakeholders, the variables of customer-oriented behavior, altruism and individual-organization fit have the greatest effect. At the organizational level, brand image, brand value, competitive advantage, culture, organizational trust, financial performance, organizational eloquence and organizational identity have a high effect size. At the level of external stakeholders, public trust, perceived quality, environmental performance, and organizational legitimacy have the greatest effect size.<br />The results showed that green human capital, turnover intentions and individual innovation, have the lowest effect size and organizational identity, individual-organization fit and organizational legitimacy have the highest effect size in the research hypotheses. Therefore, it can be concluded that CSR as a tool for better marketing and financial performance is an appealing concept for researchers in Iran. However, the results of this meta-analysis showed that the impact of CSR is more noticeable in the non-financial dimensions.<br />Conclusion<br />Scrutiny of the CSR requires a comprehensive approach using other methods such as reviewing qualitative researches because those findings can increase knowledge in this field. Also, comparative studies of CSR in Iran with other countries can provide a pool of scientific and practical knowledge for researchers. The dark side of CSR (negative effects or non-constructive aspects) is also an important issue that has been neglected in researches in Iran and we recommend to be addressed in future studies.<br />The findings of this study help to develop the existing literature about consequences of social responsibility and show CSR promote the sense of belonging. Organizations can also use social responsibility measures to achieve organizational identity and legitimacy. Abstract<br />The purpose of this study is to identify the outcomes of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Iranian organizations using a meta-analysis approach. This is an applied research and is descriptive in terms of purpose. The statistical population is articles published in the field of CSR in Iran from 2011 to 2021. According to the defined protocol, 56 studies were eligible to be used, as samples which were utilized in the meta-analysis process. These studies were reviewed and analyzed using CMA2 software (comprehensive meta-analysis software). Findings revealed that among the outcomes of CSR at individual levels, the variables of person-organization fit (0.904); altruism (0.619) and customer-oriented behavior (0.557) have a high effect size (more than 0.5). Among the outcomes of CSR at the organizational level, the variables of organizational identity (0.940), culture (0.785), organizational trust (0.653), organizational eloquence (0.631), competitive advantage (0.597), brand value (0.564), financial performance (0.528) and brand image (0.506) have high effect size. Also, among the outcomes of CSR at the level of external stakeholders, the variables of organizational legitimacy (0.826), public trust (0.595), perceived quality (0.531) and environmental performance (0.531), respectively, have a large effect size.<br />Introduction<br />Societies, in which businesses do not act responsibly, are sentenced to pay a high price. Consequences such as environmental damage, poverty, disease, discrimination and underdevelopment will be inevitable. To fully and comprehensively explain the behavior of companies in the field of CSR, one dimension and theory cannot be addressed, but all theories of CSR should be taken into consideration.<br />A review of the researches shows that many studies have been conducted in the field of CSR in Iran. Impact of CSR on micro and macro levels such as employees, organizational variables and external stakeholders including customers have been examined. Also, there are different theoretical frameworks regarding CSR studies. Therefore, the concern of this study is the analysis of the outcomes of CSR in Iranian organizations. In This research, we tend to find the variables examined in the studies focusing on CSR outcomes in Iranian organizations which are at different levels of employees, organizational and external stakeholders.<br />Theoretical framework<br />The conceptual development of CSR has led to various definitions such as Corporate Social Performance, Business Ethics, Triple Bottom Line and Stakeholder Approach. Therefore, this concept includes different approaches and theories, but the focus is on the relationship between business and society. The basis is the integration of social and environmental issues into the economic aspects of the corporations. Stakeholders are any group or individual that has influence on or is influenced by the success of the organization's goals. Therefore, the most important stakeholders are: managers, employees, customers, investors, shareholders, suppliers, government, society in general and the local community. Every business needs the tacit or explicit permission of government, society and other stakeholders to survive.<br />Many studies have examined the relationship between CSR and corporate performance (especially financial performance). Also, applying CSR programs for some corporations is a tool to achieve a competitive advantage and involvement in CSR may result in activities aiming to improve the image of the organization and increase profits in the short term. CSR programs may affect issues related to human resources management (such as justice, diversity, empowerment, health and safety). Therefore, the motivation of businesses to implement CSR can be explained through different levels.<br />Materials and Method<br />In this research, meta-analysis method has been used. The most common use of meta-analysis is to estimate the effect size in a number of studies. This approach includes literature review, study of abstracts, reviewing the whole article and coding the selected studies. In meta-analysis, the effect size is used as the output of each study. In this research, the statistical population is articles published in the field of CSR in Iran from 2011 to 2021. Therefore, all articles published in internal databases such as Irandoc, Magiran and Noormags were identified based on defined keywords. In initial search, 181 articles were found. After reading the abstract and in some cases the whole article based on the developed protocol, 56 articles were eligible for analysis. In the next step, the required variables and statistics were extracted from the articles and coded in Excel software. Then, the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (CMA2) was used to perform statistical calculations and analysis.<br />Discussion and results<br />At the level of internal stakeholders, the variables of customer-oriented behavior, altruism and individual-organization fit have the greatest effect. At the organizational level, brand image, brand value, competitive advantage, culture, organizational trust, financial performance, organizational eloquence and organizational identity have a high effect size. At the level of external stakeholders, public trust, perceived quality, environmental performance, and organizational legitimacy have the greatest effect size.<br />The results showed that green human capital, turnover intentions and individual innovation, have the lowest effect size and organizational identity, individual-organization fit and organizational legitimacy have the highest effect size in the research hypotheses. Therefore, it can be concluded that CSR as a tool for better marketing and financial performance is an appealing concept for researchers in Iran. However, the results of this meta-analysis showed that the impact of CSR is more noticeable in the non-financial dimensions.<br />Conclusion<br />Scrutiny of the CSR requires a comprehensive approach using other methods such as reviewing qualitative researches because those findings can increase knowledge in this field. Also, comparative studies of CSR in Iran with other countries can provide a pool of scientific and practical knowledge for researchers. The dark side of CSR (negative effects or non-constructive aspects) is also an important issue that has been neglected in researches in Iran and we recommend to be addressed in future studies.<br />The findings of this study help to develop the existing literature about consequences of social responsibility and show CSR promote the sense of belonging. Organizations can also use social responsibility measures to achieve organizational identity and legitimacy. https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_7250_d369e9725e0e3b6b12fc1b498a1ada8d.pdf

University of Sistan and Baluchestan & Iranian Academy of Management Sciences Public Management Researches 2538-3418 15 57 2022 11 22 Troubleshooting and Pathology the Implementation of the Policy of Issuing Guarantees for Cooperatives in the Cooperative Investment Guarantee Fund Troubleshooting and Pathology the Implementation of the Policy of Issuing Guarantees for Cooperatives in the Cooperative Investment Guarantee Fund 59 83 7325 10.22111/jmr.2022.41266.5709 FA Rahmatullah Gholipor Soteh Professor of Public Administration Department, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Ali Hajivand PhD student in public administration, majoring in decision-making and public policy, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran. Mehdi Hosinnejad PhD in Entrepreneurship Management, University Lecturer Amin Farhadi PhD student in public administration, majoring in decision-making and public policy, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2022 01 12 Abstract<br />In this research, the implementation of the general policy "issuance of guarantees for cooperatives" has been complicated and analyzed. Using the Delphi method, the components related to the effectiveness of the implementation of this policy have been calculated using the opinions of 20 relevant experts. and then the level of realization of each is investigated and the complications are identified. The identified complications are categorized in seven areas including: technological infrastructure, customer and market, human resources, agencies, structure, processes and strategy, the most frequent of which are related to It is human power, customer and market.<br />Introduction<br />After the formulation of the policy, the implementation is formed and the correct implementation of the policies leads to the general satisfaction of the citizens and the increase in the welfare level and the strengthening of the government. It should be noted that the incomplete implementation of policies should not be attributed only to the implementation phase and the trustees of this phase, many issues and problems go back to the drafting phase and its trustees. Perriman and Wildavsky also consider the biggest problem in the implementation of the policy of not paying attention to special provisions in its formulation stage (Denhart, 2017). Cooperative Investment Guarantee Fund, as one of the government organizations, for the development of the cooperative sector and as a subsidiary organization. The Ministry of Labor Cooperation, Social Welfare has been established. Complications of the implementation of general policies used in this fund are of great importance. In this project, the main policy of the fund as "issuance of guarantees for cooperatives" has been complicated.<br />Case study<br />The main mission of the fund is to help the development of the activity and investment of the cooperative sector by providing guarantees. In 2015, the fund's statutes were amended and up to 30% of the excess credits to small and small non-cooperative natural and legal entities up to 50 people. (S.M.E) employee can also be assigned. Considering that more than 10 years have passed since the implementation of its main policy, i.e. the issuance of guarantees for the cooperative and private sectors, therefore, finding complications in the implementation of the said policy in order to identify and fix the points Weaknesses and offering programs to improve its performance are very important<br />Materials and Methods<br />In this research, the Delphi method was used to identify the factors affecting the implementation of the guarantee policy. The members of the Delphi panel for this research were non-probability sampling and a combination of targeted or judgmental and chain (snowball) methods. were selected, which include 20 experts and managers with experience in the field of issuing guarantees of the Cooperative Investment Guarantee Fund. In the next step, using the theoretical foundations and research literature, the dimensions and components related to the policy were extracted, categorized, refined and compiled in a preliminary form, which was a preliminary closed-answer and open-answer questionnaire simultaneously to evaluate the opinion of experts in It was decided by the members of the expert panel. The relevant questionnaire was given to the panel members in the first round to collect opinions and suggestions, in the second round to identify the components, and in the third round to determine the importance of each of the components. The components were determined.<br />Discussion and Results<br />The identified components and indicators have been measured and the vulnerable points and weak points of each have been identified. The components include return on equity, coverage ratio of cooperatives, growth rate of customer satisfaction, share of capital in added value, productivity of total capital. Validation efficiency, process efficiency, approved cases efficiency, guarantee issuance efficiency, guarantee issuance rate, guarantee issuance to approval ratio, default rate, claims collection efficiency, total human resource productivity (cost) and fee growth ratio. Finally, after the evaluation results are determined, again through questionnaires and interviews with the same 20 managers and expert employees, the issues and complications related to each field, in the form of one of the steps of the Delphi method and based on the opinions and views of experts It has been identified. Finally, 15 complications in 7 groups were identified as the main complications. 7 groups include: strategy, customer and market, structure, organizational processes, human power, technological infrastructure and agencies.<br />Conclusion<br />The biggest complication in the fund is related to the process and strategy departments. In the department of organizational processes, the most important complication is the speed in carrying out service processes, and a large part of this issue, including during the legal procedures of providing collateral, is beyond the authority of the fund and It is a kind of external factor, and the other part is affected by the technological infrastructure of service provision, which needs to be strengthened. Considering the development of electronic government and the movement of organizations in this direction, the processes of the fund should be continuously reviewed and the processes that qualify should be made electronic in the shortest possible time. . In strategic management activities, two points are important, firstly, pay attention to the new structural conditions and then pay attention to the indicators in accordance with the operating budget. In the structure department, the most important complication has been the incompatibility of the organizational structure and the combination of human resources with the fund's development plans. which has been defined by the follow-ups of the new organizational structure and positions that should be operationalized. The complications of the human resource department are caused by the lack of empowerment programs, performance evaluation, and the connection between the reward system and the performance evaluation. For this, it is necessary to develop a systematic reward system based on objective and subjective indicators. In the technological infrastructure, a single information bank should be created and systems should be integrated. Also, the possibility of accessing the systems during remote work. Provide, upgrade the existing system and use up-to-date software and technology in this field. Complications in the market and customer sector are caused by the lack of sufficient awareness of the beneficiaries, the target community and other inter-sectoral institutions of the fund's services. problems can be solved in the form of written marketing programs. In addition, this issue is also related to the need to increase the fund's capital, because the fund can cover the risk of the target society based on the amount of fixed capital. In the field of agencies, reorganization and comprehensive evaluation are required. It is their performance because agents are the wing of the fund and the bridge of communication with customers. In this regard, the evaluation indices of agencies should be reviewed first and the agencies should be evaluated based on accurate and relevant indicators. Abstract<br />In this research, the implementation of the general policy "issuance of guarantees for cooperatives" has been complicated and analyzed. Using the Delphi method, the components related to the effectiveness of the implementation of this policy have been calculated using the opinions of 20 relevant experts. and then the level of realization of each is investigated and the complications are identified. The identified complications are categorized in seven areas including: technological infrastructure, customer and market, human resources, agencies, structure, processes and strategy, the most frequent of which are related to It is human power, customer and market.<br />Introduction<br />After the formulation of the policy, the implementation is formed and the correct implementation of the policies leads to the general satisfaction of the citizens and the increase in the welfare level and the strengthening of the government. It should be noted that the incomplete implementation of policies should not be attributed only to the implementation phase and the trustees of this phase, many issues and problems go back to the drafting phase and its trustees. Perriman and Wildavsky also consider the biggest problem in the implementation of the policy of not paying attention to special provisions in its formulation stage (Denhart, 2017). Cooperative Investment Guarantee Fund, as one of the government organizations, for the development of the cooperative sector and as a subsidiary organization. The Ministry of Labor Cooperation, Social Welfare has been established. Complications of the implementation of general policies used in this fund are of great importance. In this project, the main policy of the fund as "issuance of guarantees for cooperatives" has been complicated.<br />Case study<br />The main mission of the fund is to help the development of the activity and investment of the cooperative sector by providing guarantees. In 2015, the fund's statutes were amended and up to 30% of the excess credits to small and small non-cooperative natural and legal entities up to 50 people. (S.M.E) employee can also be assigned. Considering that more than 10 years have passed since the implementation of its main policy, i.e. the issuance of guarantees for the cooperative and private sectors, therefore, finding complications in the implementation of the said policy in order to identify and fix the points Weaknesses and offering programs to improve its performance are very important<br />Materials and Methods<br />In this research, the Delphi method was used to identify the factors affecting the implementation of the guarantee policy. The members of the Delphi panel for this research were non-probability sampling and a combination of targeted or judgmental and chain (snowball) methods. were selected, which include 20 experts and managers with experience in the field of issuing guarantees of the Cooperative Investment Guarantee Fund. In the next step, using the theoretical foundations and research literature, the dimensions and components related to the policy were extracted, categorized, refined and compiled in a preliminary form, which was a preliminary closed-answer and open-answer questionnaire simultaneously to evaluate the opinion of experts in It was decided by the members of the expert panel. The relevant questionnaire was given to the panel members in the first round to collect opinions and suggestions, in the second round to identify the components, and in the third round to determine the importance of each of the components. The components were determined.<br />Discussion and Results<br />The identified components and indicators have been measured and the vulnerable points and weak points of each have been identified. The components include return on equity, coverage ratio of cooperatives, growth rate of customer satisfaction, share of capital in added value, productivity of total capital. Validation efficiency, process efficiency, approved cases efficiency, guarantee issuance efficiency, guarantee issuance rate, guarantee issuance to approval ratio, default rate, claims collection efficiency, total human resource productivity (cost) and fee growth ratio. Finally, after the evaluation results are determined, again through questionnaires and interviews with the same 20 managers and expert employees, the issues and complications related to each field, in the form of one of the steps of the Delphi method and based on the opinions and views of experts It has been identified. Finally, 15 complications in 7 groups were identified as the main complications. 7 groups include: strategy, customer and market, structure, organizational processes, human power, technological infrastructure and agencies.<br />Conclusion<br />The biggest complication in the fund is related to the process and strategy departments. In the department of organizational processes, the most important complication is the speed in carrying out service processes, and a large part of this issue, including during the legal procedures of providing collateral, is beyond the authority of the fund and It is a kind of external factor, and the other part is affected by the technological infrastructure of service provision, which needs to be strengthened. Considering the development of electronic government and the movement of organizations in this direction, the processes of the fund should be continuously reviewed and the processes that qualify should be made electronic in the shortest possible time. . In strategic management activities, two points are important, firstly, pay attention to the new structural conditions and then pay attention to the indicators in accordance with the operating budget. In the structure department, the most important complication has been the incompatibility of the organizational structure and the combination of human resources with the fund's development plans. which has been defined by the follow-ups of the new organizational structure and positions that should be operationalized. The complications of the human resource department are caused by the lack of empowerment programs, performance evaluation, and the connection between the reward system and the performance evaluation. For this, it is necessary to develop a systematic reward system based on objective and subjective indicators. In the technological infrastructure, a single information bank should be created and systems should be integrated. Also, the possibility of accessing the systems during remote work. Provide, upgrade the existing system and use up-to-date software and technology in this field. Complications in the market and customer sector are caused by the lack of sufficient awareness of the beneficiaries, the target community and other inter-sectoral institutions of the fund's services. problems can be solved in the form of written marketing programs. In addition, this issue is also related to the need to increase the fund's capital, because the fund can cover the risk of the target society based on the amount of fixed capital. In the field of agencies, reorganization and comprehensive evaluation are required. It is their performance because agents are the wing of the fund and the bridge of communication with customers. In this regard, the evaluation indices of agencies should be reviewed first and the agencies should be evaluated based on accurate and relevant indicators. https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_7325_d53e7c5c52253f0ce0279efdb2274586.pdf

University of Sistan and Baluchestan & Iranian Academy of Management Sciences Public Management Researches 2538-3418 15 57 2022 11 22 Exploring the Model of Women Silence in Universities Exploring the Model of Women Silence in Universities 85 112 7252 10.22111/jmr.2022.40405.5643 FA Leila Lotfi Dehkhargani Ph.D Student of management, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Yaghoob Maharati Associate Professor, management, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Journal Article 2021 10 29 Abstract<br />The Importance of addressing women's organizational silence It is important to emphasize that professional women working in the organization decide to remain silent and block the knowledge-sharing process. In order to extract the main components and influences on women's organizational silence, semi-structured interviews were used and in-depth interviews with 20 people including female university professors, group managers and specialists (male and female) in the university using purposive sampling method. In the present study, using the data foundation method, in the open coding stage, 6 pivotal categories, 30 concepts and 668 codes were extracted. Findings from this study show that the main reason for women's silence in the organization is "masculine structure" and "learned helplessness" by women.<br />Introduction<br />Silence is one of the issues that organizations are constantly involved in, but due to the complex nature of this issue, the absence of dissent is often considered as the absence of the issue. The aim of this study was to achieve a model in the field of women's organizational silence in the university with using the Grounded Theory. Addressing women's organizational silence is important because professional women who work at university are expected to use their knowledge in line with the organization's goals decide to remain silent and block the knowledge sharing process.<br />Case study<br />To develop our study, we focused on one international public university. The university under study gave researchers the opportunity to examine the most influential factors in context in their study. In terms of size, the university is one of the largest comprehensive universities in Iran. In terms of connection with the academic environment, the research university is an international university that offers its educational services to international students. All these features have a high level of educational quality that can make the study of the silence of female teachers meaningful.<br />Materials and Method<br />To extract the main components and influences on women's organizational silence, observation and semi-structured interviews have been used and interviews with 20 people including university professors, group managers and specialists (male and female) in the university using purposive sampling method. It has been done deeply. In the present study, using the Grounded Theory method, 41 concepts were extracted in the open coding stage.<br />Discussion and Results<br />Findings from this study show that the main reason for women's silence in the organization is the masculine structure and learned helplessness by women who have gradually learned over time that commenting and talking about organizational issues are often ignored by the system.<br />Conclusion<br />This context has strong and multifaceted influencing forces on how the organization is structured, what women’s role is in society, men and women’s relationships, and how they may communicate with one another, and how women view themselves, which all determines whether women have the nous and confidence to speak up.  Abstract<br />The Importance of addressing women's organizational silence It is important to emphasize that professional women working in the organization decide to remain silent and block the knowledge-sharing process. In order to extract the main components and influences on women's organizational silence, semi-structured interviews were used and in-depth interviews with 20 people including female university professors, group managers and specialists (male and female) in the university using purposive sampling method. In the present study, using the data foundation method, in the open coding stage, 6 pivotal categories, 30 concepts and 668 codes were extracted. Findings from this study show that the main reason for women's silence in the organization is "masculine structure" and "learned helplessness" by women.<br />Introduction<br />Silence is one of the issues that organizations are constantly involved in, but due to the complex nature of this issue, the absence of dissent is often considered as the absence of the issue. The aim of this study was to achieve a model in the field of women's organizational silence in the university with using the Grounded Theory. Addressing women's organizational silence is important because professional women who work at university are expected to use their knowledge in line with the organization's goals decide to remain silent and block the knowledge sharing process.<br />Case study<br />To develop our study, we focused on one international public university. The university under study gave researchers the opportunity to examine the most influential factors in context in their study. In terms of size, the university is one of the largest comprehensive universities in Iran. In terms of connection with the academic environment, the research university is an international university that offers its educational services to international students. All these features have a high level of educational quality that can make the study of the silence of female teachers meaningful.<br />Materials and Method<br />To extract the main components and influences on women's organizational silence, observation and semi-structured interviews have been used and interviews with 20 people including university professors, group managers and specialists (male and female) in the university using purposive sampling method. It has been done deeply. In the present study, using the Grounded Theory method, 41 concepts were extracted in the open coding stage.<br />Discussion and Results<br />Findings from this study show that the main reason for women's silence in the organization is the masculine structure and learned helplessness by women who have gradually learned over time that commenting and talking about organizational issues are often ignored by the system.<br />Conclusion<br />This context has strong and multifaceted influencing forces on how the organization is structured, what women’s role is in society, men and women’s relationships, and how they may communicate with one another, and how women view themselves, which all determines whether women have the nous and confidence to speak up.  https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_7252_08a37bcaf8cf98ddb8ee5535e7fe9edd.pdf

University of Sistan and Baluchestan & Iranian Academy of Management Sciences Public Management Researches 2538-3418 15 57 2022 11 22 Identify Management Codes of Comprehensive Framework for Data Center Cybersecurity Based on the NIST Model with an Integrated and Intelligent Approach Identify Management Codes of Comprehensive Framework for Data Center Cybersecurity Based on the NIST Model with an Integrated and Intelligent Approach 113 142 7273 10.22111/jmr.2022.42211.5774 FA Ahmad Kazemi Instructor of Computer Science Department, Faculty of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Ali Moeini Porfessor of School of Engineering Science, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Saeed Rouhani Assistant Professor of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Nour Mohammad Yaghoobi Porfessor of School of Management Science, Faculty of managment, University of Sistan and Balouchestan, Zahedan, Iran 0000-0001-6808-0594 Hamidreza Yazdani Assistant Professor of School of Management Science, Faculty of Managment, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2022 04 24 Abstract<br /> In order to facilitate processes and provide innovative services, Most of organizations pay special attention to using data center services to host new platforms, services and tools to manage and run their systems. In the field of data center cybersecurity, all aspects need to be considered to identify the causes and then solve the problems. Therefore, in this study, we seek to identify and provide management codes that consider all internal and external aspects of cyber security.<br />In this research, using NIST cybersecurity framework and existing localized framework for Identify management codes of Comprehensive framework for data center cybersecurity by systematic literature review (SLR), 1831 documents was extracted by searching the Science direct, Scopus and ISC articles. After necessary examinations, 63 of them were identified as related documents. They were analyzed and coded using the Meta- synthesis method. Finally, the extracted features were classified into 5 main category and 23 sub categories and 108 codes, which were related to data center cyber security, i.e. Identification, protection, detection, response and retrieval.<br />Introduction<br /> In recent years, the volume of data has increased to such an extent that the 21st century is known as the data century (Calzada & Almirall, 2020). However, this increase in the volume of data and the need to ensure the security of the production and maintenance center and data services have been raised as an emerging issue in the management of information systems. Utilization of the data center, which is considered as the most important vital infrastructure of the organization, and huge investment has been made and the existential importance of these centers in providing the information and services needed by the society, causes an increase in cyber threats against them and increases the motivation of the threat actors to endanger the security of these centers. (Kazemi et al., 2022). The researcher's main approach is to identify and present data center cyber security management codes with an integrated and intelligent approach.<br />Problem Statement<br />Identify management codes of Comprehensive framework for data center ‌ cybersecurity Based on the NIST model with an integrated and intelligent approach.<br />The review of internal research in the field of cyber security also shows that no research has been conducted that has examined the security of the organizational data center separately. Adopting this point of view, which includes all the dimensions and components, and the codes affecting the cyber security of the data center, can be a useful approach in this regard.<br />Materials and Methods<br /> The current research method is qualitative and Meta- synthesis method. In this research, in order to review data center cyber security literature, Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step model has been used (Sandelowski & Barroso, 2006).<br />Research Findings<br /> By systematically reviewing data center cyber security literature and coding and analyzing them, the main categories and components of this framework were identified. In total, the results of coding the sources led to the identification of the components of the framework and its dimensions. Based on the investigations, a total of 108 management codes were classified in the form of 23 components and extracted as components of the intelligent and integrated cyber security framework of the data center, which were identified in the 5 main categories of identification, protection, discovery, response and recovery.<br />Conclusion<br /> In this research, using NIST cybersecurity framework and existing localized framework for Identify management codes of Comprehensive framework for data center cybersecurity by systematic literature review (SLR), 1831 documents was extracted by searching the Science direct, Scopus and ISC articles. After necessary examinations, 63 of them were identified as related documents. They were analyzed and coded using the Meta- synthesis method. Finally, the extracted features were classified into 5 main category and 23 sub categories and 108 codes, which were related to data center cyber security, i.e. Identification, protection, detection, response and retrieval.<br />The innovation of the current research is from the aspect of studying the framework of cyber security with the approach of integrated and intelligent management of data centers, and therefore the development of a framework that can help organizations in facing cyber threats of data centers active in information and communication infrastructures is one of the goals of this research.<br /> Integrity and intelligence in paying attention to each of the components of the above dimensions, which are connected and integrated like the links of a chain, and the continuous and rotating monitoring of that is the necessary intelligence to learn from the previous actions of oneself and others and to prevent the repetition of threats to the cyber security of the organization's data centers.<br />In this research, using NIST cybersecurity framework and existing localized framework for Identify management codes of Comprehensive framework for data center cybersecurity by systematic literature review (SLR), 1831 documents was extracted by searching the Science direct, Scopus and ISC articles. After necessary examinations, 63 of them were identified as related documents. They were analyzed and coded using the Meta- synthesis method. Finally, the extracted features were classified into 5 main category and 23 sub categories and 108 codes, which were related to data center cyber security, i.e. Identification, protection, detection, response and retrieval. Abstract<br /> In order to facilitate processes and provide innovative services, Most of organizations pay special attention to using data center services to host new platforms, services and tools to manage and run their systems. In the field of data center cybersecurity, all aspects need to be considered to identify the causes and then solve the problems. Therefore, in this study, we seek to identify and provide management codes that consider all internal and external aspects of cyber security.<br />In this research, using NIST cybersecurity framework and existing localized framework for Identify management codes of Comprehensive framework for data center cybersecurity by systematic literature review (SLR), 1831 documents was extracted by searching the Science direct, Scopus and ISC articles. After necessary examinations, 63 of them were identified as related documents. They were analyzed and coded using the Meta- synthesis method. Finally, the extracted features were classified into 5 main category and 23 sub categories and 108 codes, which were related to data center cyber security, i.e. Identification, protection, detection, response and retrieval.<br />Introduction<br /> In recent years, the volume of data has increased to such an extent that the 21st century is known as the data century (Calzada & Almirall, 2020). However, this increase in the volume of data and the need to ensure the security of the production and maintenance center and data services have been raised as an emerging issue in the management of information systems. Utilization of the data center, which is considered as the most important vital infrastructure of the organization, and huge investment has been made and the existential importance of these centers in providing the information and services needed by the society, causes an increase in cyber threats against them and increases the motivation of the threat actors to endanger the security of these centers. (Kazemi et al., 2022). The researcher's main approach is to identify and present data center cyber security management codes with an integrated and intelligent approach.<br />Problem Statement<br />Identify management codes of Comprehensive framework for data center ‌ cybersecurity Based on the NIST model with an integrated and intelligent approach.<br />The review of internal research in the field of cyber security also shows that no research has been conducted that has examined the security of the organizational data center separately. Adopting this point of view, which includes all the dimensions and components, and the codes affecting the cyber security of the data center, can be a useful approach in this regard.<br />Materials and Methods<br /> The current research method is qualitative and Meta- synthesis method. In this research, in order to review data center cyber security literature, Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step model has been used (Sandelowski & Barroso, 2006).<br />Research Findings<br /> By systematically reviewing data center cyber security literature and coding and analyzing them, the main categories and components of this framework were identified. In total, the results of coding the sources led to the identification of the components of the framework and its dimensions. Based on the investigations, a total of 108 management codes were classified in the form of 23 components and extracted as components of the intelligent and integrated cyber security framework of the data center, which were identified in the 5 main categories of identification, protection, discovery, response and recovery.<br />Conclusion<br /> In this research, using NIST cybersecurity framework and existing localized framework for Identify management codes of Comprehensive framework for data center cybersecurity by systematic literature review (SLR), 1831 documents was extracted by searching the Science direct, Scopus and ISC articles. After necessary examinations, 63 of them were identified as related documents. They were analyzed and coded using the Meta- synthesis method. Finally, the extracted features were classified into 5 main category and 23 sub categories and 108 codes, which were related to data center cyber security, i.e. Identification, protection, detection, response and retrieval.<br />The innovation of the current research is from the aspect of studying the framework of cyber security with the approach of integrated and intelligent management of data centers, and therefore the development of a framework that can help organizations in facing cyber threats of data centers active in information and communication infrastructures is one of the goals of this research.<br /> Integrity and intelligence in paying attention to each of the components of the above dimensions, which are connected and integrated like the links of a chain, and the continuous and rotating monitoring of that is the necessary intelligence to learn from the previous actions of oneself and others and to prevent the repetition of threats to the cyber security of the organization's data centers.<br />In this research, using NIST cybersecurity framework and existing localized framework for Identify management codes of Comprehensive framework for data center cybersecurity by systematic literature review (SLR), 1831 documents was extracted by searching the Science direct, Scopus and ISC articles. After necessary examinations, 63 of them were identified as related documents. They were analyzed and coded using the Meta- synthesis method. Finally, the extracted features were classified into 5 main category and 23 sub categories and 108 codes, which were related to data center cyber security, i.e. Identification, protection, detection, response and retrieval. https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_7273_d42f492d562be5706c4c52effcad12db.pdf

University of Sistan and Baluchestan & Iranian Academy of Management Sciences Public Management Researches 2538-3418 15 57 2022 11 22 Localization of Green Management Model (GMM) for Government Organizations (Case Study of Telecommunication Infrastructure Company) Localization of Green Management Model (GMM) for Government Organizations (Case Study of Telecommunication Infrastructure Company) 143 170 7274 10.22111/jmr.2021.33122.4972 FA Ali Avaj PhD Student, Department of Management, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran Habib Ebrahimpour Professor, Department of Public Administration and Tourism, Faculituy of Social Sience, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Shahram Mirzaee Daryan Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran Eshagh Rasouli Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran Zahra Fatourehchi Associte Professor, Department of Economic, Faculituy of Social Sience, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran 0000-0003-0933-0084 Journal Article 2020 01 25 Abstract<br />The research method in this study is applied based on the purpose of the research is practical type and based on correlation method. The statistical population includes all managers and experts of the Telecommunication Infrastructure Company in the number of 1590 people which the number of samples was considered 310 people using Cochran's method. The first questionnaire was compilated and distributed for 51 identified factors and after Delphi analysis it was decreased to 18 factors. Then, a secondary questionnaire with 63 questions was compilated with the help of extracted factors and with the help of confirmatory factor analysis, the authenticity of the questions was confirmed. Finally, the final model was tested using confirmatory factor analysis and AMOS software. All components identified in the statistical test were confirmed.<br />Introduction<br />The increase in the development of societies has led to the indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources, environmental degradation, various pollution, etc., which may be a threat to the sustainable development of those societies. Therefore, it is necessary that the organizations as the largest members of the communities, recognize their behavioral effects on the environment and endeavor to reduce such negative influences on the natural ecosystems. Accordingly, the “green organization” as a new term entered into the organizational management meaning an organization defining its missions, purposes and tasks based on the protection of the environment and its scarce and limited resources to be used optimally.  A green decision- is a decision made for the protection of the natural resources and improvement of the life quality. In Iran, as the other countries, protecting the environment and moving towards sustainable development was started from the first economic, social and cultural development plan of the country and continued in the next plans. In Iran, the green management model is not limited to the information and culture, and it includes the areas such as the management of the energy carriers, materials, paper and environmental protection This study is going to identify the factors affecting the green management localization of the government organizations.<br />Case study<br />In the first stage, the research model was made by distributing questionnaires using the Delphi technique and enjoying the statistical community including university professors, consultants, experts and managers of various departments of the Telecommunication Infrastructure Company having a scientific background related to green management. The second stage was to review, describe and evaluate the selected cases based on the concepts of the developed model and the statistical population including 1590 managers and experts of the Telecommunication Infrastructure Company. Sampling in this study was stratified random type with offering equal chances to all members. The sample size was calculated using the "Cochran" equation; the number of samples was 533 based on the said equation.<br />Materials and Methods<br />Library method, field method, etc. were used to collect data and information required for the study. Delphi method was the basis of the first questionnaire, and the second one was used to evaluate the final variables using heuristic factor analysis, and then, the validity and reliability of the questionnaires were evaluated. To analyze the opinions of the experts, Delphi technique was used and the qualitative data was replaced and analyzed with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. In Delphi method, the mental data of experts was transformed into objective data, using statistical analysis. This method led to consensus in decision-making. The implementation stages of Delphi method were a combination of the implementation of Delphi method and the analysis of information using the definitions of fuzzy set theory. Experts usually presented their opinions in the form of the minimum value, i.e. the most possible value (fuzzy numbers), and the average amount of disagreement of each expert was calculated from the total average, then the information was sent to experts for obtaining their new comments. In the next stage, each expert presented a new opinion or corrected this one based on the information obtained from the previous stage. This process continued until the mean of the fuzzy numbers became sufficiently stable. The value of difference of opinion for Delphi phases in this study was 2.0. To determine normality or abnormality of the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. Due to the fact that in a large sample size, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test reports a significant level of less than 0.05 and since the sample size of this study was 533 people, in order to determine the deviation from the normality of the variables, skewness and elongation indices were used, and the normality of the data was confirmed.<br />Discussion and Results<br />To confirm the convergent validity of the research variables, confirmatory factor analysis (using AMOS software) and the model fitting characteristics were presented subsequently. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed for all components of the research, and then, the general model was evaluated. Considering the obtained significance level and CR value above 1.96 for each of the non-standard regression weights, all relationships in the model could be verified. Overall, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis of the first stage indicated that all 19 components remained for the green management model. 19 components have been extracted for the whole model. The model showed "total components" in the standard estimate of operating loads. The factor load of the strategic green education component has been reported to be less than 0.4. Considering the obtained level of significance and CR value less than 1.96 for strategic green training, in order to improve the model, this path could be removed from the original model and the model could be implemented again. While the calculated values of t for other factor loads and path coefficients were 1.96, the final model was re-fitted to ensure the final model was fitted after removing the strategic green training. The x²-test as a good fit indicator. was true under the conditions of multivariate normality. According to the results, the amount of chi-square with a degree of freedom of 54 for this model was 135.326 and its significance level was estimated to be 0.000 which was significant at the level of 0.05.  So, the chi-square test rejected the exact fit of the model with the observed data. Regarding the ratio of chi-square to the degree of freedom, the value below 5 was acceptable. In the present model, the value was 2.081 which indicated the proper fit of the model. In the present research model, the RMSEA value was estimated to be 0.058, which indicated the model had an acceptable fit. Other indicators were more than 0.9 or very close to it to meet the research model. Therefore, the data of this study had a good fit with the factor structure as well as the theoretical basis of the research and in general, the proposed model was a suitable one, and the experimental data were well matched with it.<br />Conclusion<br />The purpose of this research was "to localize the green management model for the infrastructure communications company". To achieve this goal, firstly the relevant literature in the field of green management, the research indicators were extracted with a qualitative approach of Delphi technique, and then research model of components was designed in confirmatory with factor analysis (CFA). The comparison of the results of the previous researches with those of this study  indicated that the findings of this research  with regard to the factors of "green technological innovation, "reducing greenhouse gas emissions", "Green Management Culture" and "Limiting Environmental Impacts", "Recycling", "Reducing Energy Consumption", "Waste reduction " "Renewable energy use", "Green education Strategy", "Resource Management", "environment", "Optimal Consumption, Productivity", "green innovation" brought up by the reputable theoristsof this science (named in the references part), were in line with each other, and there were no discrepancies in terms of the results . Abstract<br />The research method in this study is applied based on the purpose of the research is practical type and based on correlation method. The statistical population includes all managers and experts of the Telecommunication Infrastructure Company in the number of 1590 people which the number of samples was considered 310 people using Cochran's method. The first questionnaire was compilated and distributed for 51 identified factors and after Delphi analysis it was decreased to 18 factors. Then, a secondary questionnaire with 63 questions was compilated with the help of extracted factors and with the help of confirmatory factor analysis, the authenticity of the questions was confirmed. Finally, the final model was tested using confirmatory factor analysis and AMOS software. All components identified in the statistical test were confirmed.<br />Introduction<br />The increase in the development of societies has led to the indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources, environmental degradation, various pollution, etc., which may be a threat to the sustainable development of those societies. Therefore, it is necessary that the organizations as the largest members of the communities, recognize their behavioral effects on the environment and endeavor to reduce such negative influences on the natural ecosystems. Accordingly, the “green organization” as a new term entered into the organizational management meaning an organization defining its missions, purposes and tasks based on the protection of the environment and its scarce and limited resources to be used optimally.  A green decision- is a decision made for the protection of the natural resources and improvement of the life quality. In Iran, as the other countries, protecting the environment and moving towards sustainable development was started from the first economic, social and cultural development plan of the country and continued in the next plans. In Iran, the green management model is not limited to the information and culture, and it includes the areas such as the management of the energy carriers, materials, paper and environmental protection This study is going to identify the factors affecting the green management localization of the government organizations.<br />Case study<br />In the first stage, the research model was made by distributing questionnaires using the Delphi technique and enjoying the statistical community including university professors, consultants, experts and managers of various departments of the Telecommunication Infrastructure Company having a scientific background related to green management. The second stage was to review, describe and evaluate the selected cases based on the concepts of the developed model and the statistical population including 1590 managers and experts of the Telecommunication Infrastructure Company. Sampling in this study was stratified random type with offering equal chances to all members. The sample size was calculated using the "Cochran" equation; the number of samples was 533 based on the said equation.<br />Materials and Methods<br />Library method, field method, etc. were used to collect data and information required for the study. Delphi method was the basis of the first questionnaire, and the second one was used to evaluate the final variables using heuristic factor analysis, and then, the validity and reliability of the questionnaires were evaluated. To analyze the opinions of the experts, Delphi technique was used and the qualitative data was replaced and analyzed with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. In Delphi method, the mental data of experts was transformed into objective data, using statistical analysis. This method led to consensus in decision-making. The implementation stages of Delphi method were a combination of the implementation of Delphi method and the analysis of information using the definitions of fuzzy set theory. Experts usually presented their opinions in the form of the minimum value, i.e. the most possible value (fuzzy numbers), and the average amount of disagreement of each expert was calculated from the total average, then the information was sent to experts for obtaining their new comments. In the next stage, each expert presented a new opinion or corrected this one based on the information obtained from the previous stage. This process continued until the mean of the fuzzy numbers became sufficiently stable. The value of difference of opinion for Delphi phases in this study was 2.0. To determine normality or abnormality of the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. Due to the fact that in a large sample size, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test reports a significant level of less than 0.05 and since the sample size of this study was 533 people, in order to determine the deviation from the normality of the variables, skewness and elongation indices were used, and the normality of the data was confirmed.<br />Discussion and Results<br />To confirm the convergent validity of the research variables, confirmatory factor analysis (using AMOS software) and the model fitting characteristics were presented subsequently. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed for all components of the research, and then, the general model was evaluated. Considering the obtained significance level and CR value above 1.96 for each of the non-standard regression weights, all relationships in the model could be verified. Overall, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis of the first stage indicated that all 19 components remained for the green management model. 19 components have been extracted for the whole model. The model showed "total components" in the standard estimate of operating loads. The factor load of the strategic green education component has been reported to be less than 0.4. Considering the obtained level of significance and CR value less than 1.96 for strategic green training, in order to improve the model, this path could be removed from the original model and the model could be implemented again. While the calculated values of t for other factor loads and path coefficients were 1.96, the final model was re-fitted to ensure the final model was fitted after removing the strategic green training. The x²-test as a good fit indicator. was true under the conditions of multivariate normality. According to the results, the amount of chi-square with a degree of freedom of 54 for this model was 135.326 and its significance level was estimated to be 0.000 which was significant at the level of 0.05.  So, the chi-square test rejected the exact fit of the model with the observed data. Regarding the ratio of chi-square to the degree of freedom, the value below 5 was acceptable. In the present model, the value was 2.081 which indicated the proper fit of the model. In the present research model, the RMSEA value was estimated to be 0.058, which indicated the model had an acceptable fit. Other indicators were more than 0.9 or very close to it to meet the research model. Therefore, the data of this study had a good fit with the factor structure as well as the theoretical basis of the research and in general, the proposed model was a suitable one, and the experimental data were well matched with it.<br />Conclusion<br />The purpose of this research was "to localize the green management model for the infrastructure communications company". To achieve this goal, firstly the relevant literature in the field of green management, the research indicators were extracted with a qualitative approach of Delphi technique, and then research model of components was designed in confirmatory with factor analysis (CFA). The comparison of the results of the previous researches with those of this study  indicated that the findings of this research  with regard to the factors of "green technological innovation, "reducing greenhouse gas emissions", "Green Management Culture" and "Limiting Environmental Impacts", "Recycling", "Reducing Energy Consumption", "Waste reduction " "Renewable energy use", "Green education Strategy", "Resource Management", "environment", "Optimal Consumption, Productivity", "green innovation" brought up by the reputable theoristsof this science (named in the references part), were in line with each other, and there were no discrepancies in terms of the results . https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_7274_b1ad03197f2e7c81a79e79afbe15090c.pdf

University of Sistan and Baluchestan & Iranian Academy of Management Sciences Public Management Researches 2538-3418 15 57 2022 11 22 The Model of Performance Predictors of Independent Commercialization Strategy in the Iranian Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry The Model of Performance Predictors of Independent Commercialization Strategy in the Iranian Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry 171 200 7317 10.22111/jmr.2022.7317 FA Roya Shakeri Technology Management department, Faculty of Economics and Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Reza Radfar Professor of Industrial Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Nazanin Pilevari Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Yadgar Imam Khomeini Unit, Islamic Azad University, Rey, Iran Seyyed Sepehr Ghazi-Nouri Professor of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2020 01 26 Abstract<br />Medical or therapeutic biology is dedicated to the development of research tools, diagnosis, development and delivery of drugs and vaccines through the use of cellular systems or processes and biological molecules. A very important strategic choice of companies in the biological drug industry is technology trading strategy. Independent commercialization strategy is recognized as one of the trade drugs in the world. The purpose of the present study is to identify predictions for the performance of independent commercialization strategy in Iran's biological industry using a comprehensive method. In this method, after the filtering of the articles, finally 42 studies that directly addressed the performance of independent commercialization in biological drugs entered the analysis phase of the Maxicioda software. After the combination of 68 distinct passwords, and at higher abstraction levels of the passwords in the form of 9 themes (strategic orientation, technology commercialization intelligence, R&D capability, product development knowledge integration, commercialization (production and marketing), The state -supporting mechanism of government and ownership regimes, formal integration and environmental dynamics were set. In order to construct the conceptual model of the research, they were extracted based on the component output, predictive structures of independent trading strategy, how the structures communication, and their measurement indicators were extracted. The validity of the proposed model based on the country's biotechnology experts with the Lavos content validity method and the minimum square minimum technique is: Independent commercial strategy performance predictions with a 91% determination coefficient include: Official integrity and integrity. Innovation, strategic orientation, technology commercialization, R&D capability, production capability and marketing.<br />Introduction<br />Biotechnology is an important part of the society and economy of Iran. In the world, 140 drugs are produced from biotechnology, of which 16 are the most commonly used drugs. Nowadays 9 biotechnology and vaccine drugs such as hepatitis B drugs and various types of interferons (alpha, gamma and beta) are produced inside the country, producing 250 billion tomans worth of currency savings for the country. About $ 8 billion worth of biotechnology imports into the country are expected to cost $ 150 billion annually, which is expected to increase by about 900-800 billion USD annually. Biotechnology drugs are expensive drugs and if we can plan to produce these drugs in the next five years, we have to pay a thousand billion dollars for the import of such drugs, which will disrupt the health and medicine system of the country. This implicitly implies the necessity of commercialization, the formulation of commercialization strategies, and the successful performance of commercialization strategies in the field of biotechnology (Kebriaeezadeh et al., 2010). The question that is posed is that the predictors (determinants) of the operation of the independent commercialization strategy in Iran's bio-environmental industry?<br />Case Study<br />In the present research, the industry of biological drugs in Iran has been studied.<br />Materials and Method<br />The present study is based on the results of development; on the basis of purpose, explanatory-descriptive and based on the type of data is quantitative and the research quality is a hypothesis test. The design of the research has been done according to the five-step approach presented by McKinsey et al. (1999). Accordingly, the research stages are as follows: the design of the research includes the explanation of the problem and the review of the theoretical background; the formulation of a conceptual framework and the determination of the components and relevant indicators; validation of the research including general validation, validation of the research tool and data collection; analysis and Data analysis; Reporting the results of the research including summarizing the findings of research and writing the analyzes of the researchers.<br />Results and Discussion<br />Considering the content validity ratios calculated, in the conceptual model, the predictors of the performance of the independent commercialization strategy, the factors; the strategic orientation, the formal and informal integration of research units with the units of production and marketing, the ability to R & D, commercialization and intelligence of technology commercialization are the determinants of the operation of an independent commercialization strategy in the country's biotechnology industry.According to the model of performance prediction of independent commercialization strategy in the country's biotechnology industry, the following hypotheses have been developed.<br />Hypothesis 1. There is a significant relationship between BI-technology intelligence and the performance of the development of a new biological medicine.<br />Hypothesis 2. There is a significant relationship between the integrity (formal and informal) and the performance of the development of the new biological drug.<br />Hypothesis 3. There is a significant relationship between firm strategic orientation and technology commercialization intelligence.<br />Hypothesis 4. There is a significant relationship between the R & D capability and the performance of the new biological drug development.<br />Hypothesis 5. There is a significant relationship between the commercialization (production and marketing) of the firm and the performance of the development of the new biological drug.<br />Hypothesis 6. There is a significant relationship between R & D capability and commercialization (production and marketing) capabilities of the firm.<br />Conclusion<br />Considering the significant relationships between the structure of the company's research and development capability, the structure of the enterprise's commercialization (production and marketing), the strategic directional structure of the firm, the formal and informal integration structure, the technology intelligence technology intelligence structure with the performance of the new product development, It can be said that in the case of: the existence of a suitable R & D workforce, proportional investment in R & D, and ..., we can expect a successful performance (the realization of new product objectives; new product life cycle management; the success of engaging in business activities; Making technology in comparison with direct rivals of the company; a significant increase in corporate revenues versus commercialization revenues Direct use; the company's more successful use of technology commercialization for strategic purposes in comparison with its competitors; providing unique features to customers; increasing the number of patents obtained from the new product development program; receiving good returns to costs; The program used for the new product development program and the competitiveness of the new product in the market) had an independent commercialization strategy. Abstract<br />Medical or therapeutic biology is dedicated to the development of research tools, diagnosis, development and delivery of drugs and vaccines through the use of cellular systems or processes and biological molecules. A very important strategic choice of companies in the biological drug industry is technology trading strategy. Independent commercialization strategy is recognized as one of the trade drugs in the world. The purpose of the present study is to identify predictions for the performance of independent commercialization strategy in Iran's biological industry using a comprehensive method. In this method, after the filtering of the articles, finally 42 studies that directly addressed the performance of independent commercialization in biological drugs entered the analysis phase of the Maxicioda software. After the combination of 68 distinct passwords, and at higher abstraction levels of the passwords in the form of 9 themes (strategic orientation, technology commercialization intelligence, R&D capability, product development knowledge integration, commercialization (production and marketing), The state -supporting mechanism of government and ownership regimes, formal integration and environmental dynamics were set. In order to construct the conceptual model of the research, they were extracted based on the component output, predictive structures of independent trading strategy, how the structures communication, and their measurement indicators were extracted. The validity of the proposed model based on the country's biotechnology experts with the Lavos content validity method and the minimum square minimum technique is: Independent commercial strategy performance predictions with a 91% determination coefficient include: Official integrity and integrity. Innovation, strategic orientation, technology commercialization, R&D capability, production capability and marketing.<br />Introduction<br />Biotechnology is an important part of the society and economy of Iran. In the world, 140 drugs are produced from biotechnology, of which 16 are the most commonly used drugs. Nowadays 9 biotechnology and vaccine drugs such as hepatitis B drugs and various types of interferons (alpha, gamma and beta) are produced inside the country, producing 250 billion tomans worth of currency savings for the country. About $ 8 billion worth of biotechnology imports into the country are expected to cost $ 150 billion annually, which is expected to increase by about 900-800 billion USD annually. Biotechnology drugs are expensive drugs and if we can plan to produce these drugs in the next five years, we have to pay a thousand billion dollars for the import of such drugs, which will disrupt the health and medicine system of the country. This implicitly implies the necessity of commercialization, the formulation of commercialization strategies, and the successful performance of commercialization strategies in the field of biotechnology (Kebriaeezadeh et al., 2010). The question that is posed is that the predictors (determinants) of the operation of the independent commercialization strategy in Iran's bio-environmental industry?<br />Case Study<br />In the present research, the industry of biological drugs in Iran has been studied.<br />Materials and Method<br />The present study is based on the results of development; on the basis of purpose, explanatory-descriptive and based on the type of data is quantitative and the research quality is a hypothesis test. The design of the research has been done according to the five-step approach presented by McKinsey et al. (1999). Accordingly, the research stages are as follows: the design of the research includes the explanation of the problem and the review of the theoretical background; the formulation of a conceptual framework and the determination of the components and relevant indicators; validation of the research including general validation, validation of the research tool and data collection; analysis and Data analysis; Reporting the results of the research including summarizing the findings of research and writing the analyzes of the researchers.<br />Results and Discussion<br />Considering the content validity ratios calculated, in the conceptual model, the predictors of the performance of the independent commercialization strategy, the factors; the strategic orientation, the formal and informal integration of research units with the units of production and marketing, the ability to R & D, commercialization and intelligence of technology commercialization are the determinants of the operation of an independent commercialization strategy in the country's biotechnology industry.According to the model of performance prediction of independent commercialization strategy in the country's biotechnology industry, the following hypotheses have been developed.<br />Hypothesis 1. There is a significant relationship between BI-technology intelligence and the performance of the development of a new biological medicine.<br />Hypothesis 2. There is a significant relationship between the integrity (formal and informal) and the performance of the development of the new biological drug.<br />Hypothesis 3. There is a significant relationship between firm strategic orientation and technology commercialization intelligence.<br />Hypothesis 4. There is a significant relationship between the R & D capability and the performance of the new biological drug development.<br />Hypothesis 5. There is a significant relationship between the commercialization (production and marketing) of the firm and the performance of the development of the new biological drug.<br />Hypothesis 6. There is a significant relationship between R & D capability and commercialization (production and marketing) capabilities of the firm.<br />Conclusion<br />Considering the significant relationships between the structure of the company's research and development capability, the structure of the enterprise's commercialization (production and marketing), the strategic directional structure of the firm, the formal and informal integration structure, the technology intelligence technology intelligence structure with the performance of the new product development, It can be said that in the case of: the existence of a suitable R & D workforce, proportional investment in R & D, and ..., we can expect a successful performance (the realization of new product objectives; new product life cycle management; the success of engaging in business activities; Making technology in comparison with direct rivals of the company; a significant increase in corporate revenues versus commercialization revenues Direct use; the company's more successful use of technology commercialization for strategic purposes in comparison with its competitors; providing unique features to customers; increasing the number of patents obtained from the new product development program; receiving good returns to costs; The program used for the new product development program and the competitiveness of the new product in the market) had an independent commercialization strategy. https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_7317_174a377e82b13320040367cad9477824.pdf

University of Sistan and Baluchestan & Iranian Academy of Management Sciences Public Management Researches 2538-3418 15 57 2022 11 22 Determinants of Venture Capital on the Tehran Stock Exchange Determinants of Venture Capital on the Tehran Stock Exchange 201 233 7255 10.22111/jmr.2021.35779.5222 FA Nahid Naeimi PhD Student, Department of Accounting, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran. Ramin Zeraatgari Professor of Accounting, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Journal Article 2020 09 28 Abstract<br />Venture capital plays a significant role in economy. Different types of companies involved in venture capital activities may face difficulty in financing. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of venture capital in the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.<br /> The present study was applied in terms of purpose and In terms of the descriptive research method, it is a survey with a comparative causal approach. A number of 100 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2014 to 2019 were selected as a sample. Data were collected from the databases of the Central Bank of Iran, Statistics Center of Iran, Codal website, and WDI website and Tehran Stock Exchange website, and then analyzed using Excel, 9Eviews, and Matlab software. In this study, the determinants of venture capital on the Tehran Stock Exchange (capital volume, export volume, company tax, disclosure index, rule of law index, industry diversity, diversity of company life cycle stages, type of property, number of divisions and subsidiaries, company capital, company, size and company age) By studying the research literature and using neural network and fuzzy logic, a predictive model was created to determine the investment risk based on the determined indicators.. The classification model was presented using neural network without SOM supervision and fuzzy logic flexibility. The evaluation parameters of design, accuracy of the proposed ensemble classifier, mean error of the squares, and coefficient of explanation. The simulation results indicated that the performance of the proposed design compared to the classification by MLP neural network method was improved and the presented model based on the training provided predicted the status of capital with good accuracy.<br />Introduction<br />Venture capital and its role in economy has been raised since the 1990s and includes not only financial capital but also non-financial capital. (Gompers and Lerner, 1998). Venture capital is described as a means of providing capital to the companies which may not use independent financial instruments and thus require external financing. Venture capital is a kind of active capital in the market in which some activities like monitoring and influencing the company's strategic decisions are performed using salary control and board seats. The abilities of an individual to participate in venture capital to add more value is reflected in the duration of the capital (Hain et al., 2018).<br />Materials and Method<br />The data set used in this simulation included capitals made by the companies listed on the stock exchange in 2014 to 2019, with a record of 500 capitals selected as a sample. Such data included two parts: training data and testing data to evaluate the accuracy of the model in forecasting. Of all the devices, 350 capitol records were used as training data and 150 capital data were as test datasets to evaluate project performance. Each capital record was assigned a numerical value as the amount of venture capital. The present study was applied in terms of purpose. The purpose of applied research is to develop applied knowledge in a specific field. In addition, the present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of method and nature. This study aimed to determine the relationship between variables. For this purpose, appropriate indicators were obtained based on the scale of measurement of variables. The study was conducted in form of inductive deduction and its information was expost facto. The present study was a thematic area in the field of finance with a focus on venture capital issues. Tehran Stock Exchange was selected as the spatial domain of the present study. Data were collected from the databases of the Central Bank of Iran, Statistics Center of Iran, Codal website, Tehran Stock Exchange website, and then analyzed using Excel, 9Eviews, and Matlab software. The research process was as follows: in the framework of developing economies, focusing on Iran, the determinants of venture capital on the Tehran Stock Exchange were identified. Then, a predictive model was created using neural network and fuzzy logic to determine venture capital based on extractive indicators. capital volume, export volume, company tax, disclosure index, rule of law index, industry diversity, diversity of life cycle stages of the company, type of property, number of divisions and subsidiaries, company capital, company size and age of the company were twelve factors determining venture capital on the Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />Hypothesis<br />1:  The investment volume of mergers and acquisitions has an effect on venture investment in the Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />2:  Exports have an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />3:  Company tax has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />4: Disclosure index has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />5: The rule of law index has an effect on venture investment in the Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />6: Diversification of industry has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />7:  Diversification of different stages of the company's life cycle has an effect on venture investment in the Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />8: The type of ownership has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />9: The number of sections and subsidiaries has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />10: The company investment has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />11: Company size has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />12: The age of company has an effect on venture investment in the Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />Discussion and Results<br /> The design evaluation parameter was the mean square error (MSE) and the explanation index (R2) of the proposed ensemble classifier<br />In order to compare the proposed design with existing tools, it was necessary to determine the accuracy of these tools on their data set, so in this section, the MLP neural network was used first to predict venture capital. At this step, 12 features were proposed for corporate capital records as input neurons to the neural network. The output of the network was the amount of venture capital. Here, the neural network had the task to provide conditions in the model training phase by determining the weights, so that the predicted amount of venture capital had the least difference with their actual amount.<br />After training, the neural network was evaluated to test performance with testing data.<br />Conclusion<br />In the proposed design, to predict the initial clustering of data by SOM method, to calculate the centers of clusters, the innovative formula was used and combined with fuzzy logic of the second type was used.<br />In the current design, the researchers used the SOM neural network, which is an unsupervised learning method, along with logic flexibility, to decide on the amount of venture capital. The SOM network clusters the observed data and determines the centers of the clusters, then assigns a probabilistic value to each cluster in the range of zero and one, depending on the sample density in each cluster. After that, a model for labeling new samples based on the distance factor from the centers of the clusters was presented, which based on the second type fuzzy logic, the probability of each sample belonging to each class is determined. The simulation results indicate that the performance of the proposed design has improved compared to the classification by MLP neural network method and the proposed model based on the training provided to the model, has predicted the status of capitals with good accuracy. Abstract<br />Venture capital plays a significant role in economy. Different types of companies involved in venture capital activities may face difficulty in financing. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of venture capital in the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.<br /> The present study was applied in terms of purpose and In terms of the descriptive research method, it is a survey with a comparative causal approach. A number of 100 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2014 to 2019 were selected as a sample. Data were collected from the databases of the Central Bank of Iran, Statistics Center of Iran, Codal website, and WDI website and Tehran Stock Exchange website, and then analyzed using Excel, 9Eviews, and Matlab software. In this study, the determinants of venture capital on the Tehran Stock Exchange (capital volume, export volume, company tax, disclosure index, rule of law index, industry diversity, diversity of company life cycle stages, type of property, number of divisions and subsidiaries, company capital, company, size and company age) By studying the research literature and using neural network and fuzzy logic, a predictive model was created to determine the investment risk based on the determined indicators.. The classification model was presented using neural network without SOM supervision and fuzzy logic flexibility. The evaluation parameters of design, accuracy of the proposed ensemble classifier, mean error of the squares, and coefficient of explanation. The simulation results indicated that the performance of the proposed design compared to the classification by MLP neural network method was improved and the presented model based on the training provided predicted the status of capital with good accuracy.<br />Introduction<br />Venture capital and its role in economy has been raised since the 1990s and includes not only financial capital but also non-financial capital. (Gompers and Lerner, 1998). Venture capital is described as a means of providing capital to the companies which may not use independent financial instruments and thus require external financing. Venture capital is a kind of active capital in the market in which some activities like monitoring and influencing the company's strategic decisions are performed using salary control and board seats. The abilities of an individual to participate in venture capital to add more value is reflected in the duration of the capital (Hain et al., 2018).<br />Materials and Method<br />The data set used in this simulation included capitals made by the companies listed on the stock exchange in 2014 to 2019, with a record of 500 capitals selected as a sample. Such data included two parts: training data and testing data to evaluate the accuracy of the model in forecasting. Of all the devices, 350 capitol records were used as training data and 150 capital data were as test datasets to evaluate project performance. Each capital record was assigned a numerical value as the amount of venture capital. The present study was applied in terms of purpose. The purpose of applied research is to develop applied knowledge in a specific field. In addition, the present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of method and nature. This study aimed to determine the relationship between variables. For this purpose, appropriate indicators were obtained based on the scale of measurement of variables. The study was conducted in form of inductive deduction and its information was expost facto. The present study was a thematic area in the field of finance with a focus on venture capital issues. Tehran Stock Exchange was selected as the spatial domain of the present study. Data were collected from the databases of the Central Bank of Iran, Statistics Center of Iran, Codal website, Tehran Stock Exchange website, and then analyzed using Excel, 9Eviews, and Matlab software. The research process was as follows: in the framework of developing economies, focusing on Iran, the determinants of venture capital on the Tehran Stock Exchange were identified. Then, a predictive model was created using neural network and fuzzy logic to determine venture capital based on extractive indicators. capital volume, export volume, company tax, disclosure index, rule of law index, industry diversity, diversity of life cycle stages of the company, type of property, number of divisions and subsidiaries, company capital, company size and age of the company were twelve factors determining venture capital on the Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />Hypothesis<br />1:  The investment volume of mergers and acquisitions has an effect on venture investment in the Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />2:  Exports have an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />3:  Company tax has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />4: Disclosure index has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />5: The rule of law index has an effect on venture investment in the Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />6: Diversification of industry has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />7:  Diversification of different stages of the company's life cycle has an effect on venture investment in the Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />8: The type of ownership has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />9: The number of sections and subsidiaries has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />10: The company investment has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />11: Company size has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />12: The age of company has an effect on venture investment in the Tehran Stock Exchange.<br />Discussion and Results<br /> The design evaluation parameter was the mean square error (MSE) and the explanation index (R2) of the proposed ensemble classifier<br />In order to compare the proposed design with existing tools, it was necessary to determine the accuracy of these tools on their data set, so in this section, the MLP neural network was used first to predict venture capital. At this step, 12 features were proposed for corporate capital records as input neurons to the neural network. The output of the network was the amount of venture capital. Here, the neural network had the task to provide conditions in the model training phase by determining the weights, so that the predicted amount of venture capital had the least difference with their actual amount.<br />After training, the neural network was evaluated to test performance with testing data.<br />Conclusion<br />In the proposed design, to predict the initial clustering of data by SOM method, to calculate the centers of clusters, the innovative formula was used and combined with fuzzy logic of the second type was used.<br />In the current design, the researchers used the SOM neural network, which is an unsupervised learning method, along with logic flexibility, to decide on the amount of venture capital. The SOM network clusters the observed data and determines the centers of the clusters, then assigns a probabilistic value to each cluster in the range of zero and one, depending on the sample density in each cluster. After that, a model for labeling new samples based on the distance factor from the centers of the clusters was presented, which based on the second type fuzzy logic, the probability of each sample belonging to each class is determined. The simulation results indicate that the performance of the proposed design has improved compared to the classification by MLP neural network method and the proposed model based on the training provided to the model, has predicted the status of capitals with good accuracy. https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_7255_380595d7af8b74157509f55c2b2005c2.pdf

University of Sistan and Baluchestan & Iranian Academy of Management Sciences Public Management Researches 2538-3418 15 57 2022 11 22 Design and Validation of an Open University Model Based on the Open Innovation Paradigm: A Mixed Approach Design and Validation of an Open University Model Based on the Open Innovation Paradigm: A Mixed Approach 235 261 7256 10.22111/jmr.2022.39485.5565 FA Masomeh Tajari PHD Student, Educational Management, Mohaghegh Ardabili university, Ardabil, Iran Adel Zahed Babolan Professor. Educational Management, Mohaghegh Ardabili university, Ardabil, Iran Taghi Akbari Associate Professor, Educational Management, Mohaghegh Ardabili university, Ardabil, Iran Mahdi Moeinikia Associate Professor, Distance and E-Learning Planing university, Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Journal Article 2021 08 09 Abstract<br />The main purpose of research is to design and validate the open innovation model in the university. To achieve this goal, a sequential combined exploratory method has been used. The research methodology is the use of a mixed approach. In the qualitative stage, using the data theory of the foundation and through semi-structured interviews and interviews with ten experts and researchers of open innovation who were selected theoretically. Data were collected and using the Strauss and Corbin systematic design of open innovation components in the form of a conceptual data model of the foundation. A questionnaire and a preliminary model were designed based on the findings of the qualitative stage. After assessing the validity (Lavache) and Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0/85, a questionnaire was designed to 364 professors of mother universities using the proportional stratified sampling method. Findings show that the components of open innovation presented in the systematic design using Amos24 software The first and second order confirmatory factor analysis methods were validated Factor loads of all components are greater than 0/4 and t values ​​are greater than 1/96 The results indicate an acceptable fit for all components presented in the systematic design.<br />IntroductionCurrently, the use of open innovation in business and academia has been introduced as a necessity. Innovative open university wants to be a stimulus for economic and social development, in which resources and knowledge exchange have expanded beyond the borders of the organization And has been introduced as one of the main actors of open innovation. The formation of the concept of open innovation ecosystem promises to play the role of universities as a stimulus and create opportunities for achieving broader results that are not possible through traditional models of university-industry interactions. The need for an open innovative university in the open innovation ecosystem follows the need for a knowledge-based economy system Because knowledge-based economy in addition to knowledge-based enterprise needs a knowledge-based university to be able to use intellectual capital in knowledge-based economy to create and increase organizational value And also be able to achieve one of its important capabilities, which is advantage and sustainable development. One of the features of knowledge-based economy is the application of knowledge and knowledge-based sectors in increasing the productivity of all economic sectors through innovation This explains the need for open innovation in universities. This article seeks to provide a model and model validation by asking the main categories of open innovation from university professors and researchers.Case study In the present study, in the qualitative section, with the interview of 10 open innovation experts to the components of the open innovation university, according to the systematic plan was formed. In the quantitative part, the number of samples was 364 university professors, among whom a textbook was distributed.Materials and methods The method of this research is mixed, which has been done according to a sequential exploratory approach. In the qualitative part, the data method of the foundation and in the quantitative part, the analysis of the first and second order confirmatory factor has been done.Discussion and Results Causal factors influencing open university innovation include: communication, needs assessment, management and leadership, empowerment, culture, human resources, government, the importance of industry-university relationship, university structure. Underlying conditions influencing academic open innovation include bedrock conditions, support conditions, and intermediary conditions. Interfering factors in academic open innovation include barriers and challenges, weaknesses and threats. Strategies and actions in open university innovation include internal strategies and external strategies. Consequences and achievements in open university innovation are at three levels: institution, university, and individual. Conclusion The components of open innovation presented in the systematic design were validated using Amos24 software and first and second order confirmatory factor analysis. Factor loads of all components are greater than 0.4 and t values ​​are greater than 96.1. These results indicate an acceptable fit for all components presented in the systematic design. Abstract<br />The main purpose of research is to design and validate the open innovation model in the university. To achieve this goal, a sequential combined exploratory method has been used. The research methodology is the use of a mixed approach. In the qualitative stage, using the data theory of the foundation and through semi-structured interviews and interviews with ten experts and researchers of open innovation who were selected theoretically. Data were collected and using the Strauss and Corbin systematic design of open innovation components in the form of a conceptual data model of the foundation. A questionnaire and a preliminary model were designed based on the findings of the qualitative stage. After assessing the validity (Lavache) and Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0/85, a questionnaire was designed to 364 professors of mother universities using the proportional stratified sampling method. Findings show that the components of open innovation presented in the systematic design using Amos24 software The first and second order confirmatory factor analysis methods were validated Factor loads of all components are greater than 0/4 and t values ​​are greater than 1/96 The results indicate an acceptable fit for all components presented in the systematic design.<br />IntroductionCurrently, the use of open innovation in business and academia has been introduced as a necessity. Innovative open university wants to be a stimulus for economic and social development, in which resources and knowledge exchange have expanded beyond the borders of the organization And has been introduced as one of the main actors of open innovation. The formation of the concept of open innovation ecosystem promises to play the role of universities as a stimulus and create opportunities for achieving broader results that are not possible through traditional models of university-industry interactions. The need for an open innovative university in the open innovation ecosystem follows the need for a knowledge-based economy system Because knowledge-based economy in addition to knowledge-based enterprise needs a knowledge-based university to be able to use intellectual capital in knowledge-based economy to create and increase organizational value And also be able to achieve one of its important capabilities, which is advantage and sustainable development. One of the features of knowledge-based economy is the application of knowledge and knowledge-based sectors in increasing the productivity of all economic sectors through innovation This explains the need for open innovation in universities. This article seeks to provide a model and model validation by asking the main categories of open innovation from university professors and researchers.Case study In the present study, in the qualitative section, with the interview of 10 open innovation experts to the components of the open innovation university, according to the systematic plan was formed. In the quantitative part, the number of samples was 364 university professors, among whom a textbook was distributed.Materials and methods The method of this research is mixed, which has been done according to a sequential exploratory approach. In the qualitative part, the data method of the foundation and in the quantitative part, the analysis of the first and second order confirmatory factor has been done.Discussion and Results Causal factors influencing open university innovation include: communication, needs assessment, management and leadership, empowerment, culture, human resources, government, the importance of industry-university relationship, university structure. Underlying conditions influencing academic open innovation include bedrock conditions, support conditions, and intermediary conditions. Interfering factors in academic open innovation include barriers and challenges, weaknesses and threats. Strategies and actions in open university innovation include internal strategies and external strategies. Consequences and achievements in open university innovation are at three levels: institution, university, and individual. Conclusion The components of open innovation presented in the systematic design were validated using Amos24 software and first and second order confirmatory factor analysis. Factor loads of all components are greater than 0.4 and t values ​​are greater than 96.1. These results indicate an acceptable fit for all components presented in the systematic design. https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_7256_7303c082cff5235aaf0f43b925053959.pdf

University of Sistan and Baluchestan & Iranian Academy of Management Sciences Public Management Researches 2538-3418 15 57 2022 11 22 Designing a Crowdfunding Process Model in Knowledge-Based Companies with a Theme Analysis Approach Designing a Crowdfunding Process Model in Knowledge-Based Companies with a Theme Analysis Approach 263 289 7321 10.22111/jmr.2022.39208.5543 FA Saba Amiri 1. Assistant Professor, Management and Entrepreneurship Department, Faculty of Economics and Entrepreneurship, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Journal Article 2021 07 11 Abstract<br />This study with the aim of designing a crowdfunding process model in knowledge-based companies was done. The research method was qualitative from theme analysis. The key experts studied were managers and employees of knowledge-based companies in three provinces of Hamadan, Kurdistan and Kermanshah, along with managers with expertise from public and private institutions. The criteria for selecting experts was having at least 5 years of work experience or research experience in relation to the research topic and the criteria of agreement, key role and participation. Experts were selected using judgmental and snowball sampling methods and data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved (40 people).<em> </em>Data collection tools were semi-structured interviews.Clark and Braun six-step method was used for data analyzing. In summary, the results showed that the crowdfunding process model in knowledge-based companies consists of 623 codes, 66 basic themes, 21 sub-organizing themes and 5 main organizing themes. Accordingly, the environmental and internal drivers of the knowledge-based company, along with appropriate strategic actions, expected consequences at the macro level and expected consequences at the enterprise level, form the elements of the research process model.In a way, the drivers of the phenomenon of "crowdfunding" are formed, and consequently, strategic actions shape the consequences.<br />Introduction<br />Financing for the development of entrepreneurial ideas has always been a major obstacle for entrepreneurs and business owners, and raising capital, especially from external sources, is difficult for all entrepreneurs. In this regard, crowdfunding is one of the newest methods of financing entrepreneurial projects to develop and commercialize the ideas of entrepreneurs. Most entrepreneurs face difficulties in raising capital in the early stages of their business because they cannot convince potential investors of their ideas. On the other hand, knowledge-based companies, as a driver of economic growth and development of the country, generally ask banks and financial institutions to provide the capital they need, while despite the governing structure of banks and central bank rules, the necessary flexibility to provide. Therefore, financing of knowledge-based companies in such a way that the appropriate capital is provided to these companies at the right time and in sufficient and correct manner, is of great importance, especially which 139 knowledge-based companies are operating in Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Hamedan provinces. Studies also show that there is a serious theoretical gap in the literature in this field. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing and explaining the crowdfunding process model for knowledge-based companies.<br />Case study<br />The case study was knowledge-based companies in Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Hamedan provinces.<br />Theoretical framework<br />Crowdfunding is a way to raise funds from a large audience rather than investors. In crowdfunding, individuals provide financial assistance to the company. Because knowledge-based companies, face many challenges due to innovation, short technology life cycle, need for new markets, complex non-linear business process, and uncertain future, traditional financial institutions such as banks do not have the necessary expertise to Challenges for the advancement of these companies, despite the high savings and turnover if successful, are reluctant to provide facilities or investment in these companies.<br />Given the emergence of the co-financing method, the theoretical gap in this area is very serious and very little research has been found to address this issue.<br />Materials and Methods<br />The present research is applied from the point of view of purpose and in terms of method, it is a qualitative type of theme analysis. Clarke & Braun (2006) method was used for data analyzing. The key experts studied were managers and employees of knowledge-based companies in three provinces of Hamadan, Kurdistan and Kermanshah, along with managers with expertise from public and private institutions. In this study, judgmental and snowball purposeful sampling methods were used, based on which, 40 people were interviewed semi-structured and sampling adequacy was achieved to achieve theoretical data saturation. In order to verify and validate the results of the theme analysis, qualitative validation criteria including acceptability and reliability were examined. Validity of interviews by triangulation method; examining the previous researches and asking questions in several ways, and their reliability was confirmed by the recoding method and calculating the coding agreement and calculating the Holstien reliability coefficient of 0.79.<br />Discussion and Results<br />During this process, 623 codes were extracted. Then, by examining the initial codes given to each of the concepts and removing the similar, incomplete and irrelevant concepts that existed in the initial coding, 66 basic concepts or themes were counted. In the review, during several stages of reviewing and refining the selected codes, 21 sub-organizing themes were formed. In the fifth stage, the researchers, by performing reciprocal actions among the sub-organizing themes extracted from the previous stage, sought to categorize them into higher-level categories. In this regard, the sub-organizer themes were divided into 5 general categories based on content and appearance. The final stage of the theme analysis included the presentation of the final report. Accordingly, the environmental and internal drivers of the knowledge-based company are the basis and cause of "crowdfunding" in the knowledge-based company, which also overlap with each other, because some basic themes may have commonalities in these two main themes. And be influenced by each other. After that, crowdfunding, as the core of content analysis, leads to the formulation and design of a set of strategic actions in the form of a number of activities and processes. Finally, strategic actions have consequences at the macro level, which lead to the formation of consequences at the level of the knowledge-based company. Importantly, the set of expected outcomes at the enterprise level in a cycle goes back to the central phenomenon of this process model, which is the "crowdfunding in the knowledge-based company", and leads to its development.<br />Conclusion<br />The research process model shows that environmental drivers, including socio-cultural conditions, economic conditions, political-legal conditions, infrastructural-technological conditions, market-related conditions, the role of public institutions, the role of the private sector and investors, and the financial collecting platform are all be relevant to the business environment of a knowledge-based company, be provided, can lead to the formation and development of "crowdfunding", because knowledge-based companies operate in an interactive and environmentally influenced ecosystem. In addition to these drivers, the driving factors associated with knowledge-based companies, including their organizational structure and the justifi ability of the venture capital scheme, are also important because they play a role in the development or non-development of "crowdfunding". According to the proposed process model, from the influence of the drivers, the central phenomenon of "crowdfunding" is formed, for the development of which strategic measures are designed in the model; Including the development of accurate feasibility study for the investable plan, re-engineering of the organizational structure of the knowledge-based company, the development of a value creation system for key stakeholders, the design of a precise and transparent financial mechanism and the development of a system for protecting intellectual property. Following this process pattern, the expected consequnses are formed at the macro and enterprise level. Therefore, to the extent that the environmental and internal factors of the knowledge-based company play a more promotional role and strategic measures are implemented correctly and accurately, the possibility of developing "crowdfunding" will increase. Abstract<br />This study with the aim of designing a crowdfunding process model in knowledge-based companies was done. The research method was qualitative from theme analysis. The key experts studied were managers and employees of knowledge-based companies in three provinces of Hamadan, Kurdistan and Kermanshah, along with managers with expertise from public and private institutions. The criteria for selecting experts was having at least 5 years of work experience or research experience in relation to the research topic and the criteria of agreement, key role and participation. Experts were selected using judgmental and snowball sampling methods and data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved (40 people).<em> </em>Data collection tools were semi-structured interviews.Clark and Braun six-step method was used for data analyzing. In summary, the results showed that the crowdfunding process model in knowledge-based companies consists of 623 codes, 66 basic themes, 21 sub-organizing themes and 5 main organizing themes. Accordingly, the environmental and internal drivers of the knowledge-based company, along with appropriate strategic actions, expected consequences at the macro level and expected consequences at the enterprise level, form the elements of the research process model.In a way, the drivers of the phenomenon of "crowdfunding" are formed, and consequently, strategic actions shape the consequences.<br />Introduction<br />Financing for the development of entrepreneurial ideas has always been a major obstacle for entrepreneurs and business owners, and raising capital, especially from external sources, is difficult for all entrepreneurs. In this regard, crowdfunding is one of the newest methods of financing entrepreneurial projects to develop and commercialize the ideas of entrepreneurs. Most entrepreneurs face difficulties in raising capital in the early stages of their business because they cannot convince potential investors of their ideas. On the other hand, knowledge-based companies, as a driver of economic growth and development of the country, generally ask banks and financial institutions to provide the capital they need, while despite the governing structure of banks and central bank rules, the necessary flexibility to provide. Therefore, financing of knowledge-based companies in such a way that the appropriate capital is provided to these companies at the right time and in sufficient and correct manner, is of great importance, especially which 139 knowledge-based companies are operating in Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Hamedan provinces. Studies also show that there is a serious theoretical gap in the literature in this field. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing and explaining the crowdfunding process model for knowledge-based companies.<br />Case study<br />The case study was knowledge-based companies in Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Hamedan provinces.<br />Theoretical framework<br />Crowdfunding is a way to raise funds from a large audience rather than investors. In crowdfunding, individuals provide financial assistance to the company. Because knowledge-based companies, face many challenges due to innovation, short technology life cycle, need for new markets, complex non-linear business process, and uncertain future, traditional financial institutions such as banks do not have the necessary expertise to Challenges for the advancement of these companies, despite the high savings and turnover if successful, are reluctant to provide facilities or investment in these companies.<br />Given the emergence of the co-financing method, the theoretical gap in this area is very serious and very little research has been found to address this issue.<br />Materials and Methods<br />The present research is applied from the point of view of purpose and in terms of method, it is a qualitative type of theme analysis. Clarke & Braun (2006) method was used for data analyzing. The key experts studied were managers and employees of knowledge-based companies in three provinces of Hamadan, Kurdistan and Kermanshah, along with managers with expertise from public and private institutions. In this study, judgmental and snowball purposeful sampling methods were used, based on which, 40 people were interviewed semi-structured and sampling adequacy was achieved to achieve theoretical data saturation. In order to verify and validate the results of the theme analysis, qualitative validation criteria including acceptability and reliability were examined. Validity of interviews by triangulation method; examining the previous researches and asking questions in several ways, and their reliability was confirmed by the recoding method and calculating the coding agreement and calculating the Holstien reliability coefficient of 0.79.<br />Discussion and Results<br />During this process, 623 codes were extracted. Then, by examining the initial codes given to each of the concepts and removing the similar, incomplete and irrelevant concepts that existed in the initial coding, 66 basic concepts or themes were counted. In the review, during several stages of reviewing and refining the selected codes, 21 sub-organizing themes were formed. In the fifth stage, the researchers, by performing reciprocal actions among the sub-organizing themes extracted from the previous stage, sought to categorize them into higher-level categories. In this regard, the sub-organizer themes were divided into 5 general categories based on content and appearance. The final stage of the theme analysis included the presentation of the final report. Accordingly, the environmental and internal drivers of the knowledge-based company are the basis and cause of "crowdfunding" in the knowledge-based company, which also overlap with each other, because some basic themes may have commonalities in these two main themes. And be influenced by each other. After that, crowdfunding, as the core of content analysis, leads to the formulation and design of a set of strategic actions in the form of a number of activities and processes. Finally, strategic actions have consequences at the macro level, which lead to the formation of consequences at the level of the knowledge-based company. Importantly, the set of expected outcomes at the enterprise level in a cycle goes back to the central phenomenon of this process model, which is the "crowdfunding in the knowledge-based company", and leads to its development.<br />Conclusion<br />The research process model shows that environmental drivers, including socio-cultural conditions, economic conditions, political-legal conditions, infrastructural-technological conditions, market-related conditions, the role of public institutions, the role of the private sector and investors, and the financial collecting platform are all be relevant to the business environment of a knowledge-based company, be provided, can lead to the formation and development of "crowdfunding", because knowledge-based companies operate in an interactive and environmentally influenced ecosystem. In addition to these drivers, the driving factors associated with knowledge-based companies, including their organizational structure and the justifi ability of the venture capital scheme, are also important because they play a role in the development or non-development of "crowdfunding". According to the proposed process model, from the influence of the drivers, the central phenomenon of "crowdfunding" is formed, for the development of which strategic measures are designed in the model; Including the development of accurate feasibility study for the investable plan, re-engineering of the organizational structure of the knowledge-based company, the development of a value creation system for key stakeholders, the design of a precise and transparent financial mechanism and the development of a system for protecting intellectual property. Following this process pattern, the expected consequnses are formed at the macro and enterprise level. Therefore, to the extent that the environmental and internal factors of the knowledge-based company play a more promotional role and strategic measures are implemented correctly and accurately, the possibility of developing "crowdfunding" will increase. https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_7321_95e464e5b57756887abe70175ae00bcb.pdf

University of Sistan and Baluchestan & Iranian Academy of Management Sciences Public Management Researches 2538-3418 15 57 2022 11 22 Presenting a Structural Model for Preventing Corruption in Educational Institutions Presenting a Structural Model for Preventing Corruption in Educational Institutions 291 317 7312 10.22111/jmr.2022.38885.5504 FA Hedayatolah Soltani PhD Student, Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch, Mazandaran, Iran Mehran Mokhtari Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch, Mazandaran, Iran Yousef Taqhi Purian Assistant Professor, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch, Mazandaran, Iran Behzad Farokhseresht Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch, Mazandaran, Iran Journal Article 2021 06 13 Abstract<br />Abstract<br />Considering the increase of administrative corruption in organizations and the wide role of individual behavior abnormalities and the creation of administrative corruption and the extent of this phenomenon, investigating and providing a constructive solution to prevent this problem can play an important and effective role in the health of the society. The main goal of the current research is to present a comprehensive structural model of effective factors in the prevention of administrative corruption in educational institutions. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and mixed-exploratory in terms of execution. The statistical population at the qualitative level includes the experts of Tehran universities and at the quantitative level it includes the employees, experts and managers of Tehran universities. To collect data in the qualitative phase, semi-open interviews with experts using the Delphi method were used in two rounds, and in the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was used to survey the employees. In order to achieve the degree of convergent validity and correlation of the collected data, composite reliability and average variance tests were used. The results of his research have shown that all factors affecting the prevention of administrative corruption in educational institutions are in a favorable condition. While (management factors) are not in a good condition.<br />Introduction <br />Administrative corruption is a global problem and is the biggest obstacle to reform and the biggest obstacle to progress in any country. If the goal in the administrative system is to achieve complete health, then various factors affecting it should be taken into consideration. Corruption in the education system is a global phenomenon and there are many meanings of it among the experts, which mainly revolve around the violation of educational laws and scientific and ethical norms. Considering the increase of administrative corruption in Iranian organizations and the pervasive role of individual behavior abnormalities and the incidence of administrative corruption and the extent of this phenomenon, studying and providing a constructive solution to prevent this problem can play an effective role in the health of the society and have a country Among different researches, different factors have been explained and presented as factors of corruption prevention and factors affecting administrative health. It is not possible to process and study all the mentioned factors in one research. The lack of research conducted in the field of examining the factors of preventing administrative corruption at the university level and the existence of a research gap in this field has led the researcher to explain the concept of administrative health and categorize the factors affecting it, the factors of preventing administrative corruption in university educational institutions. to be presented in Tehran.<br />Case study<br />Most scholars and international organizations have defined corruption in the simplest and most common definition of "abuse of public power for personal gain." Corruption is an illegitimate tool in satisfying illegitimate demands from the administrative system. Corruption, also known as low-level or street-level corruption, is the same thing that happens every day in dealing with general managers in departments such as hospitals, schools, police and customs, and the like. Give  This leads to useless issues and waste of financial and spiritual resources. Corruption in the production and publication of books, articles, dissertations, researches, conferences is one of the indicators in research.. Professional Ethics A set of ethical actions and reactions adopted by organizations to professional associations to establish the most desirable relationships possible for their members in the performance of their professional duties. Provided. Weakness in professional ethics leads to reduced communication and increased damage in the organization Corruption violates the rule of law, administrative regulations, and ethical conduct. This deviation can be accompanied by an illegitimate reward for forcing a person to disobey a duty..<br />Materials and Methods<br />This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and mixed-exploratory in terms of execution. The statistical population at the qualitative level is the experts of the national universities of Tehran metropolis, 32 of whom were selected using a targeted method and snowball technique. At the quantitative level, the statistical population of this research includes employees, experts and administrators of Tehran universities. The number of the statistical population was 13279 people based on the surveys, the statistical sample size was determined to be 373 people using Cochran's formula, and a simple random method was used for sampling.  First, based on the background of the research, the initial conceptual framework of the design and then using a qualitative approach (using the Delphi method) have been surveyed. To collect data in the qualitative phase, semi-open interviews with experts using the Delphi method were used in two rounds, and in the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was used to survey the employees. In this research, the reliability was done through review by experts. Composite reliability and average variance tests have been used to obtain the convergent validity and correlation of the collected data.<br />Discussion and Results   <br />In this research, using the opinions of elites and through interviews, the initial formation of the components and questions of the questionnaire of effective factors in preventing administrative corruption in educational institutions has been done. Based on the results of the Delphi test, 54 questions were accepted, of which 58 were approved. The remaining items in the research include individual factors, organizational factors, managerial factors, cultural factors, political factors, and legal factors. In order to identify and discover the main dimensions or structure, exploratory factor analysis has been used. The results have shown that the factor loading of all the questions related to individual, managerial, organizational, cultural, political and legal factors is more than 0.3 and shows the impact of the questions in the formation of the component of factors effective in reducing administrative corruption.<br />Conclusion  <br />The ISM model of research for effective factors in the prevention of administrative corruption in educational institutions of the country is placed at the highest level, individual factors and organizational factors, and at the second level, there are managerial factors, cultural factors and political factors, and at the third level, judicial (legal) factors. contract.<br />Introduction <br />     Administrative corruption is a global problem and is the biggest obstacle to reform and the biggest obstacle to progress in any country. If the goal in the administrative system is to achieve complete health, then various factors affecting it should be taken into consideration. Corruption in the education system is a global phenomenon and there are many meanings of it among the experts, which mainly revolve around the violation of educational laws and scientific and ethical norms. Considering the increase of administrative corruption in Iranian organizations and the pervasive role of individual behavior abnormalities and the incidence of administrative corruption and the extent of this phenomenon, studying and providing a constructive solution to prevent this problem can play an effective role in the health of the society and have a country Among different researches, different factors have been explained and presented as factors of corruption prevention and factors affecting administrative health. It is not possible to process and study all the mentioned factors in one research. The lack of research conducted in the field of examining the factors of preventing administrative corruption at the university level and the existence of a research gap in this field has led the researcher to explain the concept of administrative health and categorize the factors affecting it, the factors of preventing administrative corruption in university educational institutions. to be presented in Tehran.<br />Case study<br />     Most scholars and international organizations have defined corruption in the simplest and most common definition of "abuse of public power for personal gain." Corruption is an illegitimate tool in satisfying illegitimate demands from the administrative system. Corruption, also known as low-level or street-level corruption, is the same thing that happens every day in dealing with general managers in departments such as hospitals, schools, police and customs, and the like. Give  This leads to useless issues and waste of financial and spiritual resources. Corruption in the production and publication of books, articles, dissertations, researches, conferences is one of the indicators in research.. Professional Ethics A set of ethical actions and reactions adopted by organizations to professional associations to establish the most desirable relationships possible for their members in the performance of their professional duties. Provided. Weakness in professional ethics leads to reduced communication and increased damage in the organization Corruption violates the rule of law, administrative regulations, and ethical conduct. This deviation can be accompanied by an illegitimate reward for forcing a person to disobey a duty..<br />Methodology<br />      This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and mixed-exploratory in terms of execution. The statistical population at the qualitative level is the experts of the national universities of Tehran metropolis, 32 of whom were selected using a targeted method and snowball technique. At the quantitative level, the statistical population of this research includes employees, experts and administrators of Tehran universities. The number of the statistical population was 13279 people based on the surveys, the statistical sample size was determined to be 373 people using Cochran's formula, and a simple random method was used for sampling.  First, based on the background of the research, the initial conceptual framework of the design and then using a qualitative approach (using the Delphi method) have been surveyed. To collect data in the qualitative phase, semi-open interviews with experts using the Delphi method were used in two rounds, and in the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was used to survey the employees. In this research, the reliability was done through review by experts. Composite reliability and average variance tests have been used to obtain the convergent validity and correlation of the collected data.<br />Discussion and Results   <br />     In this research, using the opinions of elites and through interviews, the initial formation of the components and questions of the questionnaire of effective factors in preventing administrative corruption in educational institutions has been done. Based on the results of the Delphi test, 54 questions were accepted, of which 58 were approved. The remaining items in the research include individual factors, organizational factors, managerial factors, cultural factors, political factors, and legal factors. In order to identify and discover the main dimensions or structure, exploratory factor analysis has been used. The results have shown that the factor loading of all the questions related to individual, managerial, organizational, cultural, political and legal factors is more than 0.3 and shows the impact of the questions in the formation of the component of factors effective in reducing administrative corruption.<br />Conclusion  <br />      The ISM model of research for effective factors in the prevention of administrative corruption in educational institutions of the country is placed at the highest level, individual factors and organizational factors, and at the second level, there are managerial factors, cultural factors and political factors, and at the third level, judicial (legal) factors. contract.<br />Keywords: Structural factors, prevention, administrative corruption, educational institutions.<br />  Abstract<br />Abstract<br />Considering the increase of administrative corruption in organizations and the wide role of individual behavior abnormalities and the creation of administrative corruption and the extent of this phenomenon, investigating and providing a constructive solution to prevent this problem can play an important and effective role in the health of the society. The main goal of the current research is to present a comprehensive structural model of effective factors in the prevention of administrative corruption in educational institutions. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and mixed-exploratory in terms of execution. The statistical population at the qualitative level includes the experts of Tehran universities and at the quantitative level it includes the employees, experts and managers of Tehran universities. To collect data in the qualitative phase, semi-open interviews with experts using the Delphi method were used in two rounds, and in the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was used to survey the employees. In order to achieve the degree of convergent validity and correlation of the collected data, composite reliability and average variance tests were used. The results of his research have shown that all factors affecting the prevention of administrative corruption in educational institutions are in a favorable condition. While (management factors) are not in a good condition.<br />Introduction <br />Administrative corruption is a global problem and is the biggest obstacle to reform and the biggest obstacle to progress in any country. If the goal in the administrative system is to achieve complete health, then various factors affecting it should be taken into consideration. Corruption in the education system is a global phenomenon and there are many meanings of it among the experts, which mainly revolve around the violation of educational laws and scientific and ethical norms. Considering the increase of administrative corruption in Iranian organizations and the pervasive role of individual behavior abnormalities and the incidence of administrative corruption and the extent of this phenomenon, studying and providing a constructive solution to prevent this problem can play an effective role in the health of the society and have a country Among different researches, different factors have been explained and presented as factors of corruption prevention and factors affecting administrative health. It is not possible to process and study all the mentioned factors in one research. The lack of research conducted in the field of examining the factors of preventing administrative corruption at the university level and the existence of a research gap in this field has led the researcher to explain the concept of administrative health and categorize the factors affecting it, the factors of preventing administrative corruption in university educational institutions. to be presented in Tehran.<br />Case study<br />Most scholars and international organizations have defined corruption in the simplest and most common definition of "abuse of public power for personal gain." Corruption is an illegitimate tool in satisfying illegitimate demands from the administrative system. Corruption, also known as low-level or street-level corruption, is the same thing that happens every day in dealing with general managers in departments such as hospitals, schools, police and customs, and the like. Give  This leads to useless issues and waste of financial and spiritual resources. Corruption in the production and publication of books, articles, dissertations, researches, conferences is one of the indicators in research.. Professional Ethics A set of ethical actions and reactions adopted by organizations to professional associations to establish the most desirable relationships possible for their members in the performance of their professional duties. Provided. Weakness in professional ethics leads to reduced communication and increased damage in the organization Corruption violates the rule of law, administrative regulations, and ethical conduct. This deviation can be accompanied by an illegitimate reward for forcing a person to disobey a duty..<br />Materials and Methods<br />This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and mixed-exploratory in terms of execution. The statistical population at the qualitative level is the experts of the national universities of Tehran metropolis, 32 of whom were selected using a targeted method and snowball technique. At the quantitative level, the statistical population of this research includes employees, experts and administrators of Tehran universities. The number of the statistical population was 13279 people based on the surveys, the statistical sample size was determined to be 373 people using Cochran's formula, and a simple random method was used for sampling.  First, based on the background of the research, the initial conceptual framework of the design and then using a qualitative approach (using the Delphi method) have been surveyed. To collect data in the qualitative phase, semi-open interviews with experts using the Delphi method were used in two rounds, and in the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was used to survey the employees. In this research, the reliability was done through review by experts. Composite reliability and average variance tests have been used to obtain the convergent validity and correlation of the collected data.<br />Discussion and Results   <br />In this research, using the opinions of elites and through interviews, the initial formation of the components and questions of the questionnaire of effective factors in preventing administrative corruption in educational institutions has been done. Based on the results of the Delphi test, 54 questions were accepted, of which 58 were approved. The remaining items in the research include individual factors, organizational factors, managerial factors, cultural factors, political factors, and legal factors. In order to identify and discover the main dimensions or structure, exploratory factor analysis has been used. The results have shown that the factor loading of all the questions related to individual, managerial, organizational, cultural, political and legal factors is more than 0.3 and shows the impact of the questions in the formation of the component of factors effective in reducing administrative corruption.<br />Conclusion  <br />The ISM model of research for effective factors in the prevention of administrative corruption in educational institutions of the country is placed at the highest level, individual factors and organizational factors, and at the second level, there are managerial factors, cultural factors and political factors, and at the third level, judicial (legal) factors. contract.<br />Introduction <br />     Administrative corruption is a global problem and is the biggest obstacle to reform and the biggest obstacle to progress in any country. If the goal in the administrative system is to achieve complete health, then various factors affecting it should be taken into consideration. Corruption in the education system is a global phenomenon and there are many meanings of it among the experts, which mainly revolve around the violation of educational laws and scientific and ethical norms. Considering the increase of administrative corruption in Iranian organizations and the pervasive role of individual behavior abnormalities and the incidence of administrative corruption and the extent of this phenomenon, studying and providing a constructive solution to prevent this problem can play an effective role in the health of the society and have a country Among different researches, different factors have been explained and presented as factors of corruption prevention and factors affecting administrative health. It is not possible to process and study all the mentioned factors in one research. The lack of research conducted in the field of examining the factors of preventing administrative corruption at the university level and the existence of a research gap in this field has led the researcher to explain the concept of administrative health and categorize the factors affecting it, the factors of preventing administrative corruption in university educational institutions. to be presented in Tehran.<br />Case study<br />     Most scholars and international organizations have defined corruption in the simplest and most common definition of "abuse of public power for personal gain." Corruption is an illegitimate tool in satisfying illegitimate demands from the administrative system. Corruption, also known as low-level or street-level corruption, is the same thing that happens every day in dealing with general managers in departments such as hospitals, schools, police and customs, and the like. Give  This leads to useless issues and waste of financial and spiritual resources. Corruption in the production and publication of books, articles, dissertations, researches, conferences is one of the indicators in research.. Professional Ethics A set of ethical actions and reactions adopted by organizations to professional associations to establish the most desirable relationships possible for their members in the performance of their professional duties. Provided. Weakness in professional ethics leads to reduced communication and increased damage in the organization Corruption violates the rule of law, administrative regulations, and ethical conduct. This deviation can be accompanied by an illegitimate reward for forcing a person to disobey a duty..<br />Methodology<br />      This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and mixed-exploratory in terms of execution. The statistical population at the qualitative level is the experts of the national universities of Tehran metropolis, 32 of whom were selected using a targeted method and snowball technique. At the quantitative level, the statistical population of this research includes employees, experts and administrators of Tehran universities. The number of the statistical population was 13279 people based on the surveys, the statistical sample size was determined to be 373 people using Cochran's formula, and a simple random method was used for sampling.  First, based on the background of the research, the initial conceptual framework of the design and then using a qualitative approach (using the Delphi method) have been surveyed. To collect data in the qualitative phase, semi-open interviews with experts using the Delphi method were used in two rounds, and in the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was used to survey the employees. In this research, the reliability was done through review by experts. Composite reliability and average variance tests have been used to obtain the convergent validity and correlation of the collected data.<br />Discussion and Results   <br />     In this research, using the opinions of elites and through interviews, the initial formation of the components and questions of the questionnaire of effective factors in preventing administrative corruption in educational institutions has been done. Based on the results of the Delphi test, 54 questions were accepted, of which 58 were approved. The remaining items in the research include individual factors, organizational factors, managerial factors, cultural factors, political factors, and legal factors. In order to identify and discover the main dimensions or structure, exploratory factor analysis has been used. The results have shown that the factor loading of all the questions related to individual, managerial, organizational, cultural, political and legal factors is more than 0.3 and shows the impact of the questions in the formation of the component of factors effective in reducing administrative corruption.<br />Conclusion  <br />      The ISM model of research for effective factors in the prevention of administrative corruption in educational institutions of the country is placed at the highest level, individual factors and organizational factors, and at the second level, there are managerial factors, cultural factors and political factors, and at the third level, judicial (legal) factors. contract.<br />Keywords: Structural factors, prevention, administrative corruption, educational institutions.<br />  https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_7312_be56221a8fc6a6dcaaae055e28a73436.pdf