دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان پژوهش های مدیریت عمومی 2538-3418 17 64 2024 06 21 An Analysis of the Tendency Towards the Religious and Spiritual Studies in Management in the National and International Areas تحلیلی بر گرایش به مطالعات دینی و معنوی در رشته مدیریت در عرصه ملی و بین‌المللی 4 40 8442 10.22111/jmr.2024.40316.5637 FA علی نقی امیری استاد، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه تهران دانشکدگان فارابی، قم، ایران. مسعود بنافی استادیار، گروه حکمرانی عمومی، دانشکده حکمرانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. Journal Article 2021 10 22 Abstract For a long time, conventional humanities did not include religious and spiritual concepts in its domain. During the recent decades, the number of management research conducted in the field of religion, sprituality and ethics in the world has increased significantly, which indicates a change in some theoretical orientations of this field. In Iran, parallel to the international environment, the production of management works centered on religion and ethics has increased. The purpose of this article is to examine the religious and spiritual researches produced in the international domain in the field of management and its relationship with the research conducted in Iran. Is there a conceivable relationship between these two streams (conventional knowledge flow and native knowledge flow)? Why conventional management has given scientific and scientific status to religious and spiritual issues? This research has used qualitative survey methodology to answer its questions. The statistical population includes all research related to this issue. For sampling, the diversity in selection was observed. To analyze the data, the reasoning method and enumeration of all possible logical possibilities is used. For this purpose, by proposing hypotheses, it raises the possible possibilities of tendency toward religious management and the publication of works in the West, and by proposing arguments, it examines the relationship between two conventional currents and the indigenous current. The results show that the possibility of paradigm change, the need to solve society's problems, pluralism for survival, political possibility (religious confrontation), the awakening of nature, the use of tools and the acquisition of authority are among the reasons for the tendency to increase religious and spiritual works in the West. This increase in Iran is due to solving issues and problems, explaining Islamic management, political reason, fad and imitation. As well, it seems that the tendency towards spiritual works in the West is a tool to deal with the original religious trend and a return to the individual and secular religion of the Renaissance period, which has been manifested in a new form. Introduction For decades, the theory of organization and management has been influenced by a powerful force (Abedi Jafari et al., 2017). A force that was previously, for some reason, less popular with the scientific community and its capacity was neglected. But, today, the use of this capacity both in the theoretical dimension (Nafis, 2016; McClure, 2016; Lounsbury et al., 2014; Chan-Serafin et al., 2013;) both in the practical and professional dimension and in the journalistic literature and Popular (Sutton, 2013) has been in the spotlight. A capacity that does not seem to have been actively and consciously confronted in the Iranian research literature. This force or capacity is nothing but religious and spiritual issues in management. After many years of overcoming the idea of separating knowledge from value and the necessity of science being free from human values (Stufflebeam & Coryn, 2014: 22-65), the world's academic circles are witnessing the return of conventional management to ideas and concepts that are religious in nature. The upward trend of this movement has been evident in the last three decades. On the other hand, after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, along with the introduction of Western ideas and concepts of management and its reflection in the university community, a number of researches have focused on ethical, spiritual and Islamic issues in the field of management. The increase in the number of articles, publications, dissertations and content analysis of the views of experts in this field is evidence of this claim (Abedi Jafari, Banafi, Dastyari , 2020). Why has management, in its modern sense, which has been largely anti-values and anti-spiritual, returned to this concept over time, especially after the 1970s? (Gundolf & Filser, 2013) Similarly, why has the tendency to produce works of religious-Islamic, moral and spiritual management increased in Iran? Perhaps until two or three decades ago, colleges and some experts in this field in the country, stood against the course of Islamic management issues or showed an inertia against its movement and prevented its reflection in dissertations and articles. In a way, such discussions were considered contrary to the general flow of management science or knowledge. Gradually, however, this resistance diminished and the number of published works increased. This has gone so far that in addition to new conferences and curricula, even in doctoral programs, treatises on moral, spiritual and Islamic topics are approved and compiled as new interdisciplinary approaches. Really, what is the reason for this change? In general, the reason for the increase in the growth of religious and spiritual works in management in the West can have several reasons. Methodology The overall design of the research is based on the qualitative survey methodology, and based on that, the objectives, sampling and data collection have been conducted. This type of survey does not count the number of community members; Rather, it seeks to identify meaningful diversity in society (not distribution) (Jansen, 2010). According to the guidelines of this method, the domain of research can be any subject, dimension or phenomenon. Sampling continues in a diverse manner and based on diversity coverage until saturation is reached. Data collection can also be conducted at any level and in any way (Jansen, 2010). According to this methodology, a variety of publications, articles, books, reports, and other related documents (in domestic and foreign electronic scientific databases and general internet search engines) were the scope of this research and formed the statistical population of this research. In the field of each of the works, the purposeful sampling and referring to the evidence has continued until covering the diversity and reaching theoretical saturation. More than one hundred publications, articles, books, reports, and other related documents have been reviewed. In the data analysis section, the reasoning method and enumeration of all possible logical possibilities have been used, and in some cases, the works have been analyzed for their content and their implications have been used. Conclusion and Results This research has focused on the force and phenomenon that in recent decades, has influenced the flow of conventional research in the field of management in the world and also in Iran. This phenomenon is the same as religion, morality and spirituality. Reflecting on this process, the authors have considered several possibilities for tending to this issue and producing massive research in this field in the West. These possibilities are: the possibility of paradigm, the need to solve society's problems, pluralism for survival, the possibility of political (religious confrontation), the possibility of awakening nature, the possibility of instrumental use, the possibility of expanding the range of concepts (gaining authority). Implications Based on what has been said, scholars in this field should be sensitive to the current of published research on Islamic, religious, spiritual and moral management in the country and be aware of the orientation towards the production of such works, especially regarding the possibility of fashionism; If so, the flow of knowledge within the country will not seek to solve the problem; Rather, it has used the wave created in the dominant discourse literature to justify his face. With the reduction of this possible mode, the heat of the flow of religious, spiritual and moral research in the country will also be reduced. The challenges in the social and administrative system and the body of business should be the basis for attention to religious and spiritual research, not the possible fashionism prevailing in the field of science. The needs and problems of society such as injustice, suicide, consumerism, economic culture, divorce, etc. should be the stimulus to raise religious and spiritual issues in management, not the desire for imitation and conformity. The flow and volume of possibilities for the production of religious and spiritual works in the country, whatever the extent, it should be acknowledged that so far, less research has been considered in terms of growth and its importance at the international level, and it seems that, He did not pay attention to the importance of this issue for solving problems and was more of a function than a driver. The next decade of religious and Islamic management in the country should be focused on deep understanding of the main issues of Islamic society, the system of government and individual and social issues to follow the wave of production of works that sometimes take on the color of conventional topics and puzzles of a map It does not meet the real needs of the natives. علوم انسانی متعارف، برای مدت‌های‌ مدیدی، مفاهیم دینی و معنوی را در قلمرو خود وارد نمی‌دانست. طی دهه‌های اخیر، حجم‌ پژوهش‌های مدیریتی که در زمینه مذهب، دین و اخلاق در جهان انجام می‌شود، افزایش قابل‌توجهی داشته است که نشان از تغییر در برخی جهت‌گیرهای نظری این رشته دارد. در ایران نیز، به موازات فضای بین‌الملل، تولید آثار مدیریتی با محوریت دین و اخلاق افزایش یافته است. هدف این مقاله، بررسی نسبت پژوهش‌های دینی ومعنوی تولید شده در عرصه بین‌الملل در رشته مدیریت و رابطه آن با پژوهش‌های انجام شده در ایران است. آیا بین این دو جریان (جریان دانشی متعارف و جریان دانشی بومی) رابطه‌ای قابل‌تصور است؟ چرا مدیریت متعارف، به موضوعات دینی و معنوی جایگاه علمی و دانشی داده است؟ این پژوهش، از روش‌شناسی پیمایش کیفی برای پاسخ به سؤالات خود استفاده کرده است. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی پژوهش‌های مرتبط با این موضوع است. برای نمونه‌برداری، تنوع در انتخاب را مبنا قرار داده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها، از روش استدلالی و برشماری تمامی احتمالات منطقی ممکن بهره جسته است. بدین‌منظور، با طرح فرضیاتی، احتمالات ممکن از روند اقبال به مدیریت دینی و انتشار آثار در غرب را مطرح کرده و با طرح استدلال‌هایی، رابطه بین دو جریان متعارف و جریان بومی را بررسی می‌کند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد احتمال تغییر پارادایم، نیاز به حل مشکلات جامعه، تکثرگرایی برای بقا، احتمال سیاسی (مقابله مذهبی)، بیداری فطرت، استفاده ابزاری و کسب مرجعیت از جمله علل گرایش به افزایش آثار دینی و معنوی در غرب است. این افزایش در ایران به دلیل حل مسائل و مشکلات، تبیین مدیریت اسلامی، دلیل سیاسی و مدگرایی و تقلید است. همچنین، به نظر می‌رسد گرایش به آثار معنوی در غرب، ابزاری برای مقابله با جریان دینی اصیل و بازگشتی به همان دین فردی و سکولار است که در قالب جدید متجلی شده است.

https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_8442_1fc32c4a1af7bff5268168f311c38543.pdf

دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان پژوهش های مدیریت عمومی 2538-3418 17 64 2024 06 21 Digital Transformation: Trends and Research Areas in Government Organizations تحول دیجیتال : روندها و حوزه های تحقیقاتی در سازمان های دولتی 41 68 8444 10.22111/jmr.2024.46909.6078 FA مهدی اسلام خواه دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. محمد مهرآیین استاد گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. روح اله باقری استادیار گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. غلامرضا ملک زاده دانشیار گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. Journal Article 2023 10 21 Abstract Innovation in the field of emerging technologies outside the public sector has changed citizens' expectations of governments' ability to provide high-value digital services, and digital transformation has emerged as an important phenomenon in strategic information systems research. In recent years, research on digital transformation and its applications in various fields has expanded, leading to the creation of extensive, diverse, and scattered knowledge in this area. In recent years, digital transformation has been identified as a research priority for managers and researchers in the public and government sectors. The importance of this research area and attention to it in digital government studies has made it necessary to identify its sub-domains and research trends. This study aims to review research in the field of digital transformation in government and public organizations, identify core articles, recognize sub-domains, and research trends. Introduction In recent years, research in the field of digital transformation, especially in the government and public administration sector, has become one of the important priorities of organization managers and researchers, and has led to the creation of vast and scattered knowledge in this field. Many studies have tried to deeply understand and better understand the different dimensions of digital transformation; However, until now, a comprehensive and up-to-date research has not been done regarding the investigation of the sub-fields of digital transformation research in public and public administration, as well as its research process, and there is no complete insight into the study process of this field. Based on this, the main and new research topics in the field of digital transformation of government and public administration, as well as how these researches are going, remain unanswered. Therefore, in the end, the present research seeks a deep understanding, a comprehensive and up-to-date study regarding the study of research sub-fields. digital transformations in government and public administration, as well as a complete insight into the study trends of this field. In other words, the answer to this question, which are the main fields, new topics and research trends of digital transformation, focusing on the public and public sector, is placed in the headlines? In this study, firstly, the introduction and the theoretical and experimental background related to the research topic, including digitization, digital transformation, and their dimensions are investigated and research questions are presented. Then the methodology of the research is discussed and the findings obtained from the articles are collected and the results of the analysis are shown. At the end of the research, the most important recommendations and ideas for organizations and organizational researchers have been presented. Materials and Methods This research focuses on the field of digital transformation in government and public management using bibliometric analysis. The data for this study was collected from 479 articles published between 2000 and 2023 in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Co-word analysis and co-occurrence analysis of keywords were performed on the collected data to identify the core articles and sub-domains. Furthermore, a coverage map and average word lifespan were created to determine the research trends in this field. Discussion and Results Research on digital transformation in the government and public sector was categorized into seven clusters, and the core articles in this field were identified. According to the findings of this study, recent topics such as smart government, linked open data, co-creation, COVID-19, digital readiness, digital participation, and digital services are new topics that have been discussed in the field of digital transformation in the government sector and have been the focus of researchers' attention. Conclusion By identifying the core articles, sub-domains, and research trends in digital transformation in the government and public sector, this study provides a cohesive perspective on this field and helps researchers in choosing their research direction. تحول نوآورانه فناوری های تحول آفرین در بخش غیردولتی، انتظارات شهروندان را نسبت به توانایی سازمانهای دولتی در ارائه خدمات دیجیتالی تغییر داده است. تحول دیجیتال به عنوان پدیده مهمی در تحقیقات سیستم های اطلاعات راهبردی ظهور پیدا کرده است. طی سالهای اخیر پژوهش پیرامون تحول دیجیتال و کاربردهای آن در زمینه های مختلف گسترش یافته و منجر به خلق دانش متنوع و پراکنده ای در این حوزه شده است. ایـن مطالعه با هدف بررسی پژوهش های حوزه تحول دیجیتال در سازمان های دولتی و عمومی، شناسایی پژوهشهای کلیدی، شناخت زیرحوزه هـا و رونـد تحقیقـاتی آن صورت گرفته است. تحقیق حاضر با استفاده از روش کتاب سنجی، به تحلیل وضعیت تحول دیجیتال در مدیریت دولتی و عمومی پرداخته است. داده های این پژوهش در بازه زمانی 2000 الی 2023 از 479 مقاله پایگاه های وب آف ساینس و اسکوپوس براساس کلمات کلیدی احصاء شده از پژوهشهای متعدد این حوزه جمع آوری گردیده و بررسی کتابشناختی و شبکه هم رخدادی کلید واژه ها انجام گرفته است. همچنین با ایجاد شبکه های ارتباطی پوششـی و متوسط عمـر واژه ها، روند پژوهشی این حوزه مشخص گردید. در نهایت تحقیقات تحول دیجیتال در بخش دولتی و عمومی در 7 خوشه دسته بندی و مقالات هسته این حوزه شناسایی شد. یافتـه هـای پژوهش حاضر نشان می دهد که در سالهای اخیر، موضوعاتی مانند دولت هوشمند، داده های پیوندی باز، هم آفرینی، کووید19، آمادگی دیجیتال، مشارکت دیجیتال و خدمات دیجیتال، موضـوعات جدیدی هستند که در حوزه تحول دیجیتال بخش دولتی به بحث گذاشته شده اند و در کانون توجه پژوهشگران بوده است.

https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_8444_5898bd86e8e53700fd9f30ff0f184c80.pdf

دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان پژوهش های مدیریت عمومی 2538-3418 17 64 2024 06 21 Development of Cloud Governance Technology Based on Qualitative Method of Combining Basic Theories توسعه فناوریِ حاکمیت ابری مبتنی بر روش کیفیِ ترکیب تئوری‌های پایه 69 100 8200 10.22111/jmr.2022.41237.5708 FA مصطفی تمتاجی عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده مدیریت راهبردی و مهندسی صنایع، دانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشتر، تهران، ایران. 0000-0002-5825-6258 محمدرضا تقوا استاد دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران. Journal Article 2022 05 10 Abstract Information technology governance provides an organizational capability for the strategic alignment of information technology by clarifying the structures, processes and stakeholders. The development of this capability is more necessary in the more complex environment of cloud computing and for each actor of this ecosystem. The development of the information technology governance framework based on governance theories appropriate to the organization's environment significantly increase the success rate of this framework in realizing the strategic partnership approach of information technology with business and is a basic technology for establishing the processes required to achieve the organization's maximum goals. In this article, by determining and analyzing the basic theories of information technology governance and cloud computing governance, stakeholder theories and cost-transaction in the organizations using cloud computing resources, selected and then using the qualitative method of combining theories and based on the participation of all stakeholders (stakeholder theory) and resource-risk approach (cost-transaction theory), a hybrid basic governance theory has been developed. Introduction Although the topic of information technology governance has been the focus of researchers in recent years, the method based on the combination of basic theories has been neglected. Therefore, it is very important to address the development of the IT governance framework compatible with the organization's conditions (nature, size, technology, vision, strategies, etc.). This article explains a new method to determine the appropriate baseline for the development of such a framework in the cloud computing environment. Case study The field of activity of the five organizations, who participated in this research, is the development and support of software systems, the construction, supply and support of network equipment, the provision of mobile phone operator services and banking services in the context of mobile banking and the Internet. Materials and Methods Considering the social aspects of information technology, as well as the high dependence of the concept of governance on the context and nature of the studied organizations, the present research is based on the paradigm of meta-positivism and with the ontology of reality and incomplete understanding of it, epistemology of dualism and moderated objectivism, and qualitative methodology. It seeks to develop the basic theory of information technology governance in organizations using cloud computing environment. The current research is developmental from the point of view of the goal. The research method is based on the qualitative method of the focus group with the participation of five experts. The experts of this research were selected from the managers of five organizations active in the field of information technology, and all of them, while being members of the academic faculty of the university, had management experience in one of the studied organizations. Discussion and Results The point of distinction and innovation of the present research compared to other researches and previous studies is the simultaneous attention to two categories of the importance of the needs and expectations of the stakeholders and the economic attitude in providing the organization's computing resources. As mentioned in the literature, the previous researches were mainly based on one theory, and in the few researches where two theories were referenced, the combination of the two theories of stakeholders and cost-transaction was not. In this research, the concept of governance through stakeholder theory and cloud computing logic through cost-transaction theory can be implemented and understood in the process model of the studied organizations. Conclusion Based on the mapping of the findings of the first question of the research, it can be said: a suitable process framework for the governance of information technology in the organization's cloud environment, based on: 1- participation and supervision of all stakeholders (stakeholder theory) and 2- resource-risk approach in determining the priority of meeting needs The obtained results show a developed hybrid governance theory, based on 51 needs of nine stakeholders, which ensures the fulfillment of 30 needs according to the resource-risk approach in the form of 16 governance processes, and provides an innovative basis of applying basic theories in the development of enterprise-ware technology of governance of information technology in the cloud environment. حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات با تبیین ساختارها، فرایندها و ذینفعان، یک قابلیت سازمانی برای همراستایی راهبردی فناوری اطلاعات برای سازمان فراهم می‌کند. توسعه این قابلیت در محیط پیچیده‌ترِ رایانش ابری و برای هر یک از بازیگران این زیست‌بوم، ضرورت بیشتری دارد. توسعه چارچوب حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات مبتنی بر تئوری‌های حاکمیتی متناسب با محیط سازمان، میزان موفقیت این چارچوب در تحقق رویکرد شراکت راهبردی فناوری اطلاعات با کسب و کار را به میزان قابل توجهی افزایش داده و یک فناوری پایه برای استقرار فرایندهای مورد نیاز برای تحقق حداکثری اهداف سازمان فراهم می‌سازد. در مقاله حاضر، با تعیین و تحلیل تئوری‌های پایه حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات و حاکمیت رایانش ابری، و با روش تحقیق کیفی گروه کانونی با استفاده از نظرات مدیران سازمان‌های فعال در حوزه فناوری اطلاعات، تئوری‌های ذینفعان و هزینه-تراکنش به عنوان تئوری‌های پایه حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات در سازمان‌های بهره‌بردار از منابع رایانشی ابری انتخاب شده و سپس با استفاده از روش کیفی ترکیب تئوری‌ها و مبتنی بر مشارکت همه ذینفعان (تئوری ذینفعان) و رویکرد منابع-مخاطرات(تئوری هزینه-تراکنش)، تئوری حاکمیتی پایه ترکیبی، توسعه یافته است.نتایج بدست آمده، یک تئوری حاکمیتی ترکیبی توسعه یافته، مبتنی بر 51 نیاز از نه ذینفع را نمایش می‌دهد که برآورده‌سازی 30 نیاز منطبق بر رویکرد منابع-مخاطرات را در قالب 16 فرایند حاکمیتی تضمین می‌نماید و مبنای نوآورانه‌ای از بکارگیری تئوری‌های پایه در توسعه فناوریِ سازمان‌افزاری حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات در محیط ابری است.

https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_8200_b668679d97e0fd632540571bc95fe11c.pdf

دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان پژوهش های مدیریت عمومی 2538-3418 17 64 2024 06 21 Comparative Study of Sensemakinng Schools in Organization and Management Studies بررسی تطبیقی مکاتب معنابخشی در مطالعات سازمان و مدیریت 101 136 8443 10.22111/jmr.2024.45996.6022 FA وحید خاشعی دانشیار، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران. مهدی ابراهیمی دانشیار، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران. مهدی حقیقی دانشیار، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران. الهه شیعه زاده کاندیدای دکتری مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران. Journal Article 2023 06 24 Abstract In the new world, the methods that managers use to make policies are derived from how they making sense to the environment, and how managers interpret the existing phenomena, has a significant role on the quality and adaptation with their policies. In fact, understanding and making sense to the messages paves the way for the next steps to respond these symptoms. Accordingly, this article uses the Beredy model of comparative study to survey the existing theories and schools of sensemakinng and seeks to answer this question that how sensemakinng provides a framework for policy making in the organization? and in the organization and management studies, which of the existing sensemakinng frameworks provides a better explanation for conditions and phenomena? For this purpose, after examining the existing organizational sensemakinng schools, these two questions have been answered. Based on the research findings, by understanding the sensemakinng in the policy-making, it can be hoped that policymakers' efforts to control their environment are better evaluated and uses to guide organizational actions and shape the reactions of people in their environment. Introduction The increasing use of sensemakinng in organization and management research, has made it a relatively new theoretical structure in the research literature. Sensemaking activities are particularly critical in dynamic and turbulent contexts, where the need to create and maintain coherent understandings that sustain relationships and enable collective action is especially important and challenging. In this study, the concept of sensemakinng in different studies of organization and management is focused from the point of view of different researchers. scholars believe that in the literature that focuses on issues related to communication and organization, five different approaches to sensemakinng have a high position, which are: Karl Weick's Sensemaking in Organizational Communication Daniel Russell's Sensemaking in Human-Computer Interaction Gary Klein's Sensemaking in Cognitive Systems Engineering Brenda Dervin Sense-making in User Studies Dave Snowden and Organizational Sense-making in Knowledge Management Based on this, the current research studies and compares existing theories and schools of sensemakinng and tries to answer the question, how does sensemakinng provide a framework for policy-making in the organization, and which of the existing sensemakinng frameworks provides a better explanation for conditions and phenomena in the policy-making? Case study As mentioned, in the literatures of organization and management, five typologies of schools of Sensemaking have been introduced. These schools have been given the attention of researchers individually and separately, but as far as researchers have searched, these five schools have not been compared in a comparative study, and sometimes in some studies, a brief comparative review of at least two theories has been presented. Therefore, this study compares these schools Therefore, this study examines Comparative study of these schools. Materials and Methods The current comparative study has been done by using George Beredy's model in four stages: description, interpretation, Juxtaposition, comparison. according to this means sensemakinng was investigated from the perspective of different schools, and the texts taken from the existing theories were coded using the qualitative content analysis method and analyzed based on the Brady model, and after classifying the obtained information, the similarities and differences of sensemakinng schools were compared. Discussion and Results All sensemakinng schools have a purposeful effort towards better interactions to solve complex problems and reduce existing ambiguities. In all schools, sensemakinng is considered as a dynamic and continuous process, a dynamic process in which a person creates meaning in interaction with his environment, and this process does not stop and continues with the passage of time. Also, all schools emphasize the continuous interaction of the sensemaker with the environment. In addition, it is considered as a recurring cycle that the sensemaker makes efforts to reduce uncertainty and gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and the conditions. On the other hand, in all theories of sensemakinng, the individual has a key role. It is the person who decides to start, finish, or ignore the process. In fact, sensemakinng in all schools strongly depends on the perspective and interpretation of the participant. However, based the findings of the present study, despite the mentioned similarities, the five schools of sensemakinng have differences from each other. Differences in the activity, unit of analysis, concept of sensemakinng, conflict style, Scope of influence, metaphors of sensemakinng, emphasis element, duration of conflict and …, which were discussed in this study. Conclusion sensemakinng as a new and specific approach to study organizational phenomena including policy-making has been described as a theory in various ways, and it should be seriously considered in organization and management studies. Therefore, in this article, the schools and theories of organizational sensemakinng were examined, and the commonalities and differences of the five schools were examined. According to the findings of the current study, all 5 schools of sensemakinng have a dynamic process in which sensemakinng is done through a repeating cycle during interaction with the environment in order to communicate more effectively, depends on the perspective of participant and sensemaker has a key role in the sensemakinng process. Nevertheless, Based on the time period, context, specific theory and ontology that each of the theorists of the five schools have conceptualized, sensemakinng will have different meanings and functions. Differences caused by the activity, unit of analysis, style of conflict, sphere of influence, emphasis element, duration of different conflict and etc., which causes the way of working in each school to be different. The findings of this study shown that in the organizational studies, where facing ambiguity is considered one of the inherent characteristics of organization and management, that in order to receive strategic information, managers must provide methods to reduce these uncertainties, Weick and Snowden's theories provide a better explanation of conditions and phenomena. در دنیای حاضر روش‌هایی که مدیران به‌کار می‎گیرند، منبعث ازمعنابخشی آنان به‌محیط بوده وبراین اساس چگونگی معنابخشی مدیران به‌پدیده‌های موجود، نقش قابل‌توجهی بر کیفیت وچگونگی اتخاذ سیاست‌های آنان دارد چراکه درک ومعنا دادن به‌پیام‌های دریافتی از محیط زمینه‌سازاقدامات بعدی برای پاسخگویی به‌این نشانه‎ها است. بر این اساس نوشتار پیش رو با بهره گیری ازالگوی مطالعه تطبیقی جورج بِرِدی به ‌مطالعه و بررسی تطبیقی نظریات و مکاتب معنابخشی موجود پرداخته و مترصدد است مشخص نماید در مطالعات سازمان و مدیریت کدام‌یک ازچارچوب‌های معنابخشی تبیین بهتری برای شرایط وپدیده‌ها ارائه می‌دهد. یافته های پژوهش مبین آن است که در مطالعات سازمانی چارچوب ارائه شده توسط وایک و اسنودن مبنای بهتری برای تحلیل پدیده های سازمانی بوده است. بر این اساس با درک معنابخشی می‌توان امید داشت تلاش‌های مدیران برای کنترل محیط پیچیده پیرامون خود بهتر ارزیابی‌شده و از آن به ‌منظور هدایت کنش‌های سازمانی و شکل‌دهی به‌ واکنش‌های افراد در محیط خود استفاده شود.

https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_8443_9892783124f2aca45c4ccee7a5b90242.pdf

دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان پژوهش های مدیریت عمومی 2538-3418 17 64 2024 06 21 Spatial Evaluation of Technical, Scale and Management Efficiency Coefficient in Business Incubators of Iran )Data envelopment Analysis Method According to Scientific and Industrial Capacity) ارزیابی فضایی ضریب کارایی فنی، مقیاس و مدیریتی در مراکز رشد واحدهای فناور ایران(روش تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها با توجه به ظرفیت دانشی و صنعتی) 137 158 8223 10.22111/jmr.2024.46043.6023 FA رضا فتحی استادیار پژوهشگاه مواد و انرژی، کرج، ایران. محمدنبی شهیکی تاش استاد، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران. معصومه رافت کارشناس ارشد اقتصاد توسعه،دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران. 0000-0001-6541-3189 Journal Article 2023 07 01 Abstract In this research, the spatial efficiency coefficient of Business incubator of Iran's technology units has been analyzed for thirty provinces. For this purpose, by using data envelopment analysis method and the variable return model to the cluster-based scale, the values of technical, scale and managerial efficiency have been perused. The results show that there is no positive and significant relationship between academic rank and technical efficiency of Business incubator. 12 provinces have lower than average technical efficiency, which Kerman province has the lowest technical efficiency value of 0.315, despite being ranked 21-30 and located in a semi-industrial region. It would be said that effective interaction between universities and industries accelerates innovation, Therefore, the absence of an innovative environment, the relationship between the formal management mechanisms of the university and industry, and the low managerial efficiency (0.382), moderates the academic innovation functions and causes a weak connection between these two areas. On the other hand, despite the fact that Bushehr province is at the level of 41-50 in the university ranking and in a weak industrial area, the technical efficiency (number 0.931) is higher than the average, which is mostly due to the high management efficiency. The results of the scale efficiency study show that Khuzestan, Kurdistan and Markazi provinces have increasing efficiency compared to the scale. It would be said that these provinces, due to the feature of increasing efficiency, if using a larger scale, enjoy a lower average cost level and as a result increase the output efficiency. Also, 30 percent of the surveyed provinces are in the stage of decreasing efficiency compared to the scale, and this means that they benefit from less production (compared to the increase in inputs).Thus, using more inputs and less production means reducing technical efficiency. Also, based on the obtained results, 18 centers also have a constant return to scale, which indicates that if these units increase all their production factors, the amount of production will increase by the same amount and the change in production scale does not affect their technical efficiency. Introduction In today's world, besides their educational goals, universities are assigned to participate more in the processes of innovation and technology development, which is possible through engaging in entrepreneurial activities. To promote entrepreneurial activities, policy makers are looking for a mechanism to commercialize research findings in universities. Commercialization of academic research achievements and technology development is known as the foundation of progress and continuation of economic growth. Since knowledge is developed and accumulated in universities with a dense density, therefore universities can be recognized as an important tool in facilitating the formation of a knowledge-based economy and speeding up regional economic and social development. For this reason, many countries are pursuing university reforms with the approach of decentralization and acting more competitively, increasing the commercialization of research results and performance-based budgets. Nowadays, according to the advancement of technology and the change in the nature of universities, their evolution can be described as follows: first generation universities have emerged with educational purposes only, second generation universities with research or industrial purposes, and finally Third generation universities are moving towards creating entrepreneurial universities. The third generation of universities includes the three steps of education, research and technology. Transferring technology from the university to the private sector requires the use of market knowledge. Accordingly, as entrepreneurial universities, by producing and distributing knowledge, universities play an essential role in the development of technology, innovation in the industry, and the formation of spin out companies. The importance of spin off companies is revealed when university education increases and then commercialization becomes possible through the transfer of universities to industry. In today's world, considering the dynamic economy, constant attention to entrepreneurship and technology transfer is an important principle. The increasing the number of university graduates and the increasing attention to university entrepreneurship is an important factor for the expansion of spin off companies. Academic spin off companies are companies that have been established to exploit the technical knowledge created in universities and have attracted the attention of researchers and policymakers due to their ability to create wealth and advance scientific knowledge. The "Bayh-Dol" law was passed in 1980 with the aim of encouraging universities to participate in the commercialization process, and in this way, it made universities eager to produce and transfer technology between industries and earn money. By promulgating this law, universities continuously support start-up companies for the commercialization of ideas. The commercialization of ideas by start-up companies is much easier than old businesses. If the formation of reproductive companies is institutionalized in universities, in addition to providing entrepreneurial opportunities, the legal rights of universities in relation to their intellectual property will also be restored. Also, while providing a suitable platform for research and development opportunities for universities, a new source of income is also created for the universities. The main purpose of creating spin off companies should be sought in the transformation of science into wealth. In other words, the essence of creating spin out companies is commercialization, and commercialization is the executive solution of turning science into wealth. This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 briefly presents the theoretical framework. Section 3 presents the research methodology. Section 4 introduces the data used in the research. In section 5, it discusses the findings of the estimates, and section 6 concludes in two sub-sections, a summary of the findings and policy suggestions are presented. Research methodology Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is used in this article. DEA is a method based on linear programming which the manager can use the best decision-making unit (DMU) as a model for other units. Data envelopment analysis is a method that, in addition to measuring efficiency, suggests ways to improve it using the ratio of output to data for each individual level and how to increase productivity at all levels. One of the issues of comprehensive data analysis is the ranking of efficient companies, in which the units are classified as efficient and inefficient. DEA models introduce the efficiency of units that are known to be inefficient. Data envelopment analysis is a non-parametric method based on mathematical programming, which is used to evaluate the relative efficiency of decision-making units with several inputs and outputs. In this study, efficiency values have been estimated by using the data envelopment analysis method and variable return to scale (VRS) model. Research data In this study, in order to measure the technical efficiency, scale and management of business incubator in 30 provinces of the country, the data envelopment analysis approach has been used. Finding and Suggestion In this research, the efficiency of commercialization of the growing companies of Iran's technology units in business incubator for thirty provinces has been analyzed. The results obtained from the estimation of the model show that the provinces that do not have unit efficiency during the years under review can, on average, increase the output by 14.5% without using more resources and with proper management, as well as through improvement in scale can increase the output by 3.4%. Based on this, the following policy proposals are presented: 1- Due to the lack of an endogenous and uniform structure in terms of industrial and academic structure in the provinces of Iran and the diversity of regional talents, the design of the development model of business incubators should be diverse and different, and a homogeneous model for regional development cannot be used. 2- In competitive markets, the ability to commercialize products is essential for the survival of companies, so companies must be continuously innovative in order to respond to the challenges that exist in the industry. And by being aware of the factors affecting the commercialization process, they seek to create innovation, gain competitive advantage and increase market share, and commercialize their products. 3- Wider communication between university and industry through communication channels such as: implementation of joint research projects, consulting and training, holding conferences and establishing informal communication between industry and university researchers. هدف محوری این تحقیق بررسی ضریب اثربخشی و کارایی مراکز رشد واحدهای فناور با توجه به ظرفیت دانشی و صنعتی در پهنه جغرافیایی ایران می باشد. مراکز رشد یکی از نهادهای موثر در تجاری سازی و توسعه ایده های دانش بنیان و استارتاپی می باشند و کارامدسازی این مراکز منجر به توسعه کسب و کارهای نوظهور، خلق ثروت منطقه ای و اشتغال مولد و دانش بنیان می گردد. در این مقاله، از روش تحلیل پوششی داده ها(DEA) و مدل بازده متغیر به مقیاس به عنوان ابزار تحلیلی استفاده شده است و جامعه آماری این مطالعه شامل 193 مرکز رشد واحد فناور در سی استان کشور می باشد. نتایج حاصله نشان میدهد که رابطه مثبت و معناداری بین رتبه علمی دانشگاهی و کارایی فنی مراکز رشد وجود ندارد. به گونه ای که در استان کرمان با وجود آنکه رتبه 30-21 دانشگاهی را بخود اختصاص داده است و در منطقه نیمه صنعتی قرار گرفته، کمترین مقدار کارایی فنی(رقم 0.315 ) را دارا میباشد. از طرفی استان بوشهر با وجود این که در رتبه بندی دانشگاهی در سطح 50-41 و در منطقه ضعیف صنعتی قرار دارد، کارایی فنی(رقم 0.931) بالاتر از میانگین را بخود اختصاص داده است که بخش اعظم بالا بودن این رقم بدلیل کارایی بالای مدیریتی آن می باشد. نتایج بررسی کارایی مقیاس، گویای این است که استانهای خوزستان، کردستان و مرکزی دارای بازده فزاینده نسبت به مقیاس هستند. می توان گفت این استانها به دلیل خصوصیت بازدهی فزاینده، در صـورت اسـتفاده از مقیـاس بـزرگتـر، از سـطح هزینـة متوسط پایینتر و درنتیجه افزایش بازدهی ستانده ها برخوردار می شوند. همچنین 30 درصد از استانهای مورد بررسی در مرحله بازدهی کاهشی نسبت به مقیـاس قـرار دارند و این بدان معنی است که از تولید کمتری (به نسبت افزایش نهاده ها) بهـره منـد مـیشـوند، لـذا استفادة بیشتر از نهادهها و تولید کمتر به منزلة کاهش کارایی فنی است. همچنین براساس نتایج بدست آمده 18مرکز نیز دارای بازده ثابت نسبت به مقیاس هستند که این امر نشان دهنده آن است که چنانچه این واحدها تمامی عوامل تولید خود را افزایش دهند، مقدار تولید به همان میزان افزایش می یابد و تغییر در مقیاس تولید بر کارایی فنی آنها تاثیر ندارد.

https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_8223_3d352f2fd53ab5c03b148d2880267890.pdf

دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان پژوهش های مدیریت عمومی 2538-3418 17 64 2024 06 21 Corporate Sustainability: A Bibliometric Analysis Approach مروری بر پژوهش‌های حوزه پایداری شرکتی: تحلیل کتاب‌شناختی 159 190 8445 10.22111/jmr.2024.46101.6028 FA امیرمحمد کلابی استادیار، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. فاطمه شراعی دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت استراتژیک، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. 0000-0001-5265-870X Journal Article 2023 07 09 Abstract This article reviews the literature on articles in corporate sustainability. By reviewing the authors, citation structure, publications, and nations, this study reviews the progress of this field and summarizes the research process. This bibliographic analysis examines the literature on corporate sustainability and shows the structure of articles and research trends. The information gathered is extracted from the primary collection of the Web of Science database from 2001 up to 2022. The number of articles obtained is 2246 articles. VOSviwer software is used to perform initial analysis and citation analysis, co-citations, bibliographic coupling, co-authoring, among others. Generally, there are eight main clusters of articles on corporate sustainability: (1) corporate and entrepreneurial sustainability; (2) corporate sustainability strategies; (3) corporate sustainability measurement indicators, (4) corporate sustainability and business transformation management; (5) corporate sustainability and sustainable development goals and reports; (6) corporate sustainability and its effect on financial efficiency; (7) ethics and social responsibility and (8) theories of corporate sustainability. The research contribution is to show the evolution of this issue so that researchers can use it in their theoretical and research frameworks. Introduction Today, the concept of corporate sustainability has become an important and debatable topic in many industries and businesses because of increasing awareness of its benefits and positive effects on the survival of companies. To survive in a turbulent environment and a competitive market, corporate executives must not only focus on economic aspects, but also on the sustainable performance of companies (Colabi, Sharaei and Alipour, 2022:119). Because companies are the foundation of an advanced economic life and turn land resources into wealth, there is a need to review their activities with respect to the health of the land, society and individuals. Corporate sustainability refers to meeting the direct and indirect needs of a company and its stakeholders without compromising the ability to meet the future needs of stakeholders. corporate sustainability is defined as the company's voluntary activities that reflect social and environmental concerns in the business. Corporate sustainability is considered an integrated and systematic approach that leads to the optimal use of social, economic, and natural capital; Corporate sustainability also leads to value creation for the company and society, balance of financial and non-financial resources, and accountability for the company's activities through the creation of social responsibility (Ioannou and Serafeim, 2019:3). As companies influence society, the importance of corporate sustainability for businesses, consumers, and researchers is increasing. Companies are now fully aware of the competitive advantage of corporate sustainability. Thus, they focus on the role of corporate sustainability and value creation not only in making a profit, but also in all aspects of ethics and society and the environment and stakeholder issues (Galvao et al, 2019:291). Bibliometric analysis is a suitable method for reviewing scientific works and assessing the performance of authors, publications, and countries in a particular subject, which also shows how their cooperation networks work. In addition, bibliometric analysis can reveal the directions and controversial issues in a research field and make it possible to identify existing gaps in the study area (Yang et al, 2019:15). The diversity and variety of topics in a field can indicate the diversity of subjects and the multidisciplinary nature of that field of research, a diverse field encompassing a variety of subjects. As mentioned in recent decades, the concept of corporate sustainability and sustainability strategies has grown significantly and investors have recently become more aware of corporate sustainability. This research has been done with the aim of analyzing the bibliography of corporate sustainability and reviewing the authors, countries and developments in this field. Authors' co-citation analysis was also performed using maps. An analysis of the progress of corporate sustainability studies is also provided. Methodology Bibliometric analysis has been introduced as a scientific method for understanding the temporal evolution of a research field. Bibliometric analysis is performed because of its ability to create an intellectual structure without mental bias (Xue and Wang, 2018:479). Bibliometric technique is an interdisciplinary method that enables effective mapping of the studied subjects during the development of a research field (Khanra and Dhir, 2020:739). The present study conducts a bibliometric analysis of the studies that incorporate sustainability and is descriptive-analytic research. The study population consists of all the scientific productions incorporating sustainability scope indexed in the Web of Science database to be able to perform the bibliometric analysis; the primary database of the Web of Science (WoS) database was consulted. The following search equation was used: topic: ("corporate sustainability") or topic: ("business sustainability") or topic: ("Sustainable company") or topic: ("sustainable start-up"). The search was refined, and the most helpful article or review file types were considered. The timeframe was from 2001 to 2022. The SSCI index was used. Based on this experience, with the aid of search refine with the above equation, 2246 documents have been determined. Discussion and Results According to the conceptual map, eight clusters related to corporate sustainability were identified: (1) corporate and entrepreneurial sustainability; (2) corporate sustainabil-ity strategies, (3) corporate sustainability measurement indicators, (4) corporate sustainability and business transformation management, (5) corporate sustainability and sus-tainable development goals and reports; (6) corporate sustainability and its effect on financial efficiency; (7) ethics and social responsibility and (8) theories of corporate sustainability. The results of the research and cluster analysis show that one of the most important as-pects of corporate sustainability is its relationship to entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is considered a strategy for the development of countries, creating social welfare and rec-ognizing suitable opportunities to increase production. Conclusion In general, studies in the field of corporate sustainability have focused on entrepreneurial and innovative activities, changing the business model and creating a sustainable business model, sustainable supply chain management, corporate sustainability strategies, corporate sustainability metrics and ethics and social responsibility. Since entrepreneurial activities and how to change the business model are very important in creating corporate sustainability, future research should develop models to facilitate the innovation mechanism in the business model to create corporate sustainability. Researchers can also change their corporate processes to achieve development goals. پایداری شرکتی، یکی از مهم‌ترین ارکان توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی کشورهاست و موضوعی در حال رشد میان پژوهشگران است. بررسی تولیدات علمی و پژوهش‌های صورت گرفته در زمینة پایداری شرکتی می‌تواند نقشه راهی جهت پژوهش‌های آینده فراهم کند. در این پژوهش سعی بر آن می‌باشد تا با بهره‌گیری از رویکردهای کتاب‌شناختی حوزه‌های کلان این موضوع در میان مقالات علمی بررسی گردد؛ لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر تحلیل کتاب‌شناختی تولیدات علمی منتشر شده در این حوزه است. پژوهش از نظر هدف بنیادی و از نظر ماهیت توصیفی - تحلیلی است. جامعه پژوهش شامل کلیه تولیدات علمی در حوزه پایداری شرکتی می‌باشد که در پایگاه علمی وب آف ساینس نمایه شده و نمونه پژوهش نیز 2246 اثر علمی است که از سال 2001 تا سال 2022 در این پایگاه وجود دارد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل و خوشه‌بندی مقالات با استفاده از کلیدواژه‌های موجود از طریق نرم‌افزار VOSviewer صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که روند کلی انتشار مقالات صعودی است و به‌طورکلی 8 خوشه اصلی در حوزه مقالات پایداری شرکتی وجود دارد که شامل پایداری شرکتی و کارآفرینی، استراتژی‌های پایداری شرکتی، شاخص‌های اندازه‌گیری پایداری شرکتی، پایداری شرکتی و مدیریت تحول کسب‌وکار، اهداف و گزارش‌های پایداری شرکتی، پایداری شرکتی و تأثیر آن بر عملکرد مالی، اخلاق و مسئولیت اجتماعی و تئوری‌ها و نظریه‌های پایداری شرکتی می‌باشد.

https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_8445_ad7258e126c3a3788a6e32fac8082c6c.pdf

دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان پژوهش های مدیریت عمومی 2538-3418 17 64 2024 06 21 Understanding the Effect of Self-Censorship of Human Resources on Organizational Silence: Clarifying of the Mediating Role of Mum Effect of Human Resources(Case of study: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Provincial Governorate) فهم تأثیر خودسانسوری منابع انسانی بر سکوت سازمانی: تبیین نقش میانجی خاموشی هوشیارانه‌ی منابع انسانی(مورد مطالعه: استانداری چهارمحال و بختیاری) 191 218 8446 10.22111/jmr.2024.44663.5947 FA سیّد نجم الدّین موسوی دانشیار، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران. علی شریعت نژاد استادیار، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران. امیرهوشنگ نظرپوری دانشیار، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران. مرضیه درویش زاده بروجنی دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت منابع انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران. Journal Article 2023 01 29 Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of self-censorship of human resources on organizational silence by explaining the mediating role of conscious silence of human resources. This research is based on practical purpose and in terms of method is descriptive survey. The statistical population of the research is 355 employees of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari governorates, considering that the size of the statistical population is limited and specific, from Morgan table at the 95% confidence level was determined 260 people and it was selected by available sampling method. To collect information, researcher-made questionnaires of organizational silence, organizational self-censorship, and conscious silence were used, whose validity and reliability were confirmed by content validity and Cronbach's alpha, and a survey of experts and consultants. Structural equation modeling method and SPSS, PLS software were used to test hypotheses and analyze data. The research findings showed that the self-censorship human resources has a positive and significant effect on organizational silence. Also, self-censorship of human resources has a positive and significant effect on mum effect. As a result, it can be said that managers of government organizations, being aware of the issue of organizational silence and the factors affecting it, must take measures to identify its irreparable messages and effects. Introduction In a situation where modern organizations seek and share information and knowledge management, neglecting organizational silence will become a problem. Considering the importance and necessity of understanding the phenomenon of organizational silence and taking into account the influence of various factors on organizational silence, the present research seeks to express its role in creating organizational silence while studying and investigating organizational self-censorship. Regarding the role of the two variables of self-censorship and mum effect of human resources in the direction of helping organizations, no significant efforts have been made yet, therefore, considering the gap in academic research, this research seeks to answer the question of what is the self-censorship of human resources with regard to mum effect. It will have an impact on organizational silence, and finally, taking into account the role and position of the governorate, which is one of the vital organizations of the country, a simple model will be presented in this regard, so that managers of government organizations, with sufficient knowledge of organizational silence and the factors affecting it, can think of measures. to prevent its irreparable consequences and effects such as reducing citizen satisfaction, reducing organizational performance, inflexibility in front of organizational issues, etc. Case study Considering the role and position of the governorate, which is one of the vital organizations of the country, the statistical population of the research is the employees of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari governorates. Due to the specific and limited size of the statistical population, the sample size was determined and selected as 260 people using available sampling method. Materials and Methods The current research is a part of applied research in terms of its purpose and descriptive survey in terms of data collection method. This research is among quantitative researches and the size of the statistical population of the research was determined and selected from Chrissy Morgan's table formula to calculate the sample size of 260 people. To collect information, a researcher-made questionnaire containing 30 questions was used. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were assessed through Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis and three types of validity including convergent, divergent and content validity were used . To test the research hypotheses, the structural equation modeling method in Smart Pls3 software has been used . Discussion and Results Self-censorship is defined as follows: failure to express one's true opinion in front of audiences who are against that opinion. Types of self-censorship include self-censorship of actions, information and opinions. Organizational silence is a conscious action that employees choose not to share their beliefs, thoughts, information, ideas and experiences related to their work with others, and its types are: obedient or satisfactory or useless, defensive or silent and altruistic, opportunistic silence. , protective and unobtrusive. Mum effect is also a situation where one or more people together decide to hide information. Even though knowingly doing such a thing is unethical. Mum effect in the organization can be addressed from three aspects: the communicator's concern about himself, the communicator's concern about others, and the communicator's concern about legal norms and principles. Based on the above variables and their dimensions, the structural equation model was presented and the hypotheses of the research were proved. In this research, four hypotheses were presented and the results confirmed the hypotheses proposed in this research.1) Self-censorship has a positive and significant effect on employees' organizational silence. 2) Organizational self-censorship has a positive and significant effect on employees' mum effect. 3) Mum effect has a positive and significant effect on the organizational silence of employees. 4) Mum effect plays a mediating role in the organizational self-censorship on organizational silence. Conclusion Finally, the results of this study shows that the self-censorship of human resources has effect on mum effect and organizational silence. Quantitative method was used in this article, it is suggested to use mixed or qualitative methods in future researches and to study the antecedent and consequent factors of organizational silence, mum effect and self-censorship. Suggest that managers of government organizations aware of the issue of these 3 variables and provide strategies and solutions to eliminate them. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر خودسانسوری منابع انسانی بر سکوت سازمانی با تبیین نقش میانجی خاموشی هوشیارانه‌ی منابع انسانی است. این پژوهش بر اساس هدف کاربردی و به لحاظ روش، توصیفی پیمایشی است. جامعه‌ی آماری پژوهش، 355 نفر از کارکنان استانداری چهارمحال و بختیاری هستند و با توجه به اینکه حجم جامعه‌ی آماری محدود و مشخص است، از جدول مورگان و در سطح اطمینان ۹۵ درصد حجم نمونه 260 نفر تعیین و به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شد. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته سکوت سازمانی، خودسانسوری سازمانی و خاموشی هوشیارانه استفاده گردیده که روایی و پایایی آن‌ها با روش اعتبار محتوا، آلفای کرونباخ و نظرسنجی از متخصصان و مشاوران تـأیید شد. برای آزمون فرضیات و تحلیل داده‌ها از روش مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری و نرم‌افزارهایSPSS ، PLS استفاده گردید. بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، خودسانسوری منابع انسانی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر سکوت سازمانی دارد. همچنین خودسانسوری منابع انسانی تأثیر مثبت و معنادار بر خاموشی هوشیارانه دارد. در نتیجه می‌توان گفت، مدیران سازمان‌های دولتی با آگاهی از موضوع سکوت سازمانی و عوامل تأثیرگذار بر آن، باید تدابیری اندیشیده تا از پیامدها و آثار جبران‌ناپذیر آن جلوگیری نمایند.

https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_8446_bfca4c61ae7a04b916017882f04d39a5.pdf

دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان پژوهش های مدیریت عمومی 2538-3418 17 64 2024 06 21 Meta-analysis of the effect of supply chain agility on relational and operational performance with the moderating role of industry type فراتحلیل تأثیر چابکی زنجیره تأمین بر عملکرد رابطه‌ای و عملیاتی با نقش تعدیلگری نوع صنعت 219 252 8201 10.22111/jmr.2023.46301.6040 FA الله یار بیگی فیروزی دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت بازرگانی-مدیریت بازاریابی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. محمد باشکوه اجیرلو استاد، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. ناصر سیف اللهی استاد، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. قاسم زارعی دانشیار، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. Journal Article 2023 07 30 Abstract A considerable amount of research has been conducted to explore the concept of supply chain agility as the primary management strategy for achieving a competitive edge in a constantly changing and unstable business environment. Much of this research has focused on understanding the impact of supply chain agility on performance outcomes. However, the findings from empirical studies have been scattered and, in many cases, contradictory in terms of the functional implications of supply chain agility. To address this, it is crucial to consolidate and compare the results of these experimental studies using a meta-analysis approach. Therefore, the present research aimed to examine the influence of supply chain agility on both relational and operational performance by employing a meta-analysis approach. Nineteen final studies were identified and their information was entered into the CMA2 software based on the Prism protocol. The results clearly demonstrate that supply chain agility significantly affects relational and operational performance, with a stronger influence observed on relational performance compared to operational performance. Furthermore, the analysis conducted identified the moderating variable of the type of industry, where the agility of the supply chain has a particularly strong impact on relational and operational performance within unique industries. Introduction Extensive research has been conducted since 1993, when agility was first conceptualized by Goldman, to study the impact of supply chain agility on performance. The studies have used different indicators to measure performance, some of which overlap with each other while others do not. Moreover, the findings regarding the influence of supply chain agility on performance outcomes have been inconsistent and contradictory. Therefore, there is a need for a study that summarizes and compares the results of previous studies, in order to resolve these contradictions and determine the specific consequences associated with supply chain agility. It is important to understand whether supply chain agility is functionally related or has a stronger effect on certain outcomes. A systematic review with meta-analysis is a method that can address this research gap. Tcurrent study aims to answer the following key questions: What are the functional consequences, both relational and operational, of supply chain agility once the variables are operationalized? How does supply chain agility impact each of these performance outcomes? Additionally, what are the moderator variables that affect the causal relationship between supply chain agility and relational as well as operational performance outcomes? Materials and Methods The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review through meta-analysis to investigate how supply chain agility affects performance outcomes. Given the large number of studies conducted in this field since the introduction of agility in 1993 by Goldman et al., up until 2023, it is clear that a secondary study is necessary. Therefore, we performed this present meta-analysis study using the Prism protocol to identify high-quality studies related to this topic, with the goal of encompassing all relevant studies conducted until 2023 and resolving any existing contradictions. The Prisma protocol was utilized to identify and select suitable studies for analysis, following a four-stage process of identification, monitoring, eligibility, and inclusion in the analysis dataset. Throughout the coding process, it became apparent that many studies employed similar scales with different names to measure functional outcomes. When there was a significant overlap in indicators or structures, we compared these studies. To achieve this, we used the MAXQDA software to qualitatively code all functional outcomes from different studies. Overlapping codes were then assigned names and operationalized within a new framework. In order to convert the statistical information into fixed or random effect sizes, the CMA2 software was employed during this systematic review. Discussion and Results The analysis of studies conducted using MAXQDA software revealed that the impact of supply chain agility can be categorized into two main areas: relational and operational performance. The results of a meta-analysis on previous studies confirmed that supply chain agility has a positive effect on operational performance, which was found to be higher than the average level. Conclusion In line with the results of the present research, managers and policy makers are suggested to provide the context for the joint use of information and financial resources among supply chain partners. The synergy created in this way increases the speed of the companies' actions in identifying the special needs and demands of the market and provides the possibility of timely response. On the other hand, with the extensive cooperation that the companies will have with each other, they can transform the existing market arena and change the market variables in their favor. تحقیقات زیادی پیرامون مفهوم چابکی زنجیره تأمین به عنوان یگانه استراتژی مدیریت در دستیابی به مزیت رقابتی در محیط متغیر و ناپایدار کسب و کارها انجام شده است. بخش قابل‌توجهی از این تحقیقات بر تأثیر چابکی زنجیره تأمین بر پیامدهای عملکردی متمرکز است. بررسی مطالعات تجربی نشان می‌دهد که پیامدهای عملکردی چابکی زنجیره تأمین در تحقیقات مختلف، پراکنده بوده و در بسیاری از موارد نتایج متناقضی دارند. در این راستا ضروری است که نتایج این مطالعات تجربی با استفاده از رویکرد فراتحلیل، تجمیع و با هم مقایسه گردد. لذا تحقیق حاضر با هدف تأثیر چابکی زنجیره تأمین بر عملکرد رابطهای و عملیاتی با استفاده از رویکرد فراتحلیل انجام گرفت. در این مطالعه تعداد 19 مطالعه نهایی مطابق با پروتکل پریزما شناسایی و اطلاعات آن وارد نرمافزار CMA2 گردید. نتایج نشان داد که چابکی زنجیره تأمین بر عملکرد رابطهای و عملیاتی تأثیر میگذارد و از بین تأثیر مربوط به اثر چابکی زنجیره تأمین بر عملکرد عملیاتی قویتر است. همچنین تجزیه و تحلیل انجام شده منجر به شناسایی متغیر تعدیلگر نوع صنعت شد که در آن چابکی زنجیره تأمین در صنایع منحصربفرد، اثر چابکی زنجیره تأمین بر عملکرد رابطهای و عملیاتی را تقویت می کند.

https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_8201_3477c173b717d554f82a743b165fed96.pdf

دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان پژوهش های مدیریت عمومی 2538-3418 17 64 2024 06 21 Evaluating the Effect of Leader Moral Anger on Trust in Leader, Perceived Integrity and Organizational Justice: The Moderating Role of Islamic Work Ethics ارزیابی تاثیر خشم اخلاقی رهبر بر اعتماد به رهبر، صداقت و عدالت سازمانی ادراک‌شده: نقش تعدیلگر اخلاق کاری اسلامی 253 284 8447 10.22111/jmr.2024.45295.5986 FA رضا صالح زاده استادیار، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران، Journal Article 2023 04 09 Abstract Leaders’ expression of moral anger is considered very important in curbing unethical behaviors and maintaining an ethical environment in organizations. However, how and the mechanism of its effect is unknown. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of leader moral anger on trust in leader, perceived integrity and organizational justice considering the moderating role of Islamic work ethics. The statistical population of this research was employees working in selected hospitals of Isfahan province. 320 questionnaires were distributed, of which 272 correct questionnaires were used for data analysis. Questionnaires from Shao (2019), Schoorman et al. (2016) and Mayer and Davis (1999), Mayer and Gavin (2005), Colquitt et al. (2022), and Ali (1988) were used to measure the leader moral anger, perceived integrity, trust in the leader, perceived organizational justice, and Islamic work ethic, respectively. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by the Cronbach’s alpha method and its validity by the factor analysis method. Structural equation modeling and SmartPLS software were used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that the leader moral anger has a positive and significant effect on trust in leader, perceived integrity and organizational justice. Also, the leader’s perceived integrity has a positive and significant effect on trust in leader and perceived organizational justice. In addition the results showed that Islamic work ethics has a moderator effect in the relationship between leader moral anger and perceived integrity. Overall, the research findings suggest that the leader moral anger can have positive consequences for both the leader and the organization. Introduction In recent years, many researches have been conducted in the field of leadership. In more than a century of leadership studies, several paradigm shifts have occurred. One of the emerging issues is the issue of ethics. For this reason, in recent years, there has been a lot of emphasis on the emergence and display of ethical behavior by leaders, to the point that many researchers have been concerned about the consequences of this issue in new studies. Researches have shown that the sensitivity and verbal and behavioral reactions of leaders towards the occurrence of unethical behavior in the organization can have positive consequences both at the individual and organizational levels. The concept of moral anger of leaders refers to their expression of anger from observing various negative events that they see in the organization. In the leadership literature, most of the research on leader anger is related to employee performance. In other words, poor performance can lead to anger from the manager. However, the role of leader anger in moral contexts, such as when leaders express anger at their followers’ moral transgressions, differs from that in performance contexts. Leaders’ expression of moral anger is considered very important in curbing unethical behaviors and maintaining an ethical environment in organizations. However, how and the mechanism of its effect is unknown. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of leader moral anger on trust in leader, perceived integrity and organizational justice considering the moderating role of Islamic work ethics. Case study Given the sensitivity and influence of hospital professions, the issue of ethics in these organizations is doubly important. Therefore, the statistical population of this study includes employees who work in some selected hospitals in Isfahan province. 320 questionnaires were distributed, of which 272 correct questionnaires were used for data analysis. Materials and Methods This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey based on the method. Questionnaires from Shao (2019), Schoorman et al. (2016) and Mayer and Davis (1999), Mayer and Gavin (2005), Colquitt et al. (2022), and Ali (1988) were used to measure the leader moral anger, perceived integrity, trust in the leader, perceived organizational justice, and Islamic work ethic, respectively. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by the Cronbach’s alpha method and its validity by the factor analysis method. Structural equation modeling and SmartPLS software were used to test the research hypotheses. Discussion and Results The results showed that the leader moral anger has a positive and significant effect on trust in leader, perceived integrity and organizational justice. Also, the leader’s perceived integrity has a positive and significant effect on trust in leader and perceived organizational justice. In addition the results showed that Islamic work ethics has a moderator effect in the relationship between leader moral anger and perceived integrity. However, the moderating role of Islamic work ethics in the relationship between leader moral anger and perceived integrity and the moderating role of Islamic work ethics in the relationship between leader moral anger and perceived organizational justice were not confirmed. Conclusion The review of the research literature shows that the subject of ethical leadership has gained significant importance in recent years with the emergence and importance of business ethics issues and due to the moral weakness of some organizational leaders. That is why much attention is paid to the description of the moral behavior of leaders. Based on the importance of the topic, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of leader moral anger on leader trust, perceived integrity, and organizational justice, considering the moderating role of Islamic work ethics. As the results showed, leader’s moral anger and perceived integrity influence trust in the leader and perceived organizational justice. In this regard, hospital administrators are advised not to refrain from expressing their true feelings in the face of observed violations and to use the positive functions of moral anger. In addition, as it was said, the leader’s moral anger increases trust in him, and this trust increases the effect of moral anger in a good period. Often times, leaders get angry when they give negative feedback to their followers. Although negative feedback can help employees improve their performance, the negative effects of expressing anger can reduce the usefulness of the feedback and, therefore, reduce the leader’s effectiveness. Followers trust in the leader can offset the negative effects of the leader expressing anger through negative feedback. Therefore, hospital leaders need to build strong trust with their employees to reduce the negative impact of anger expression on leadership effectiveness. Overall, the research findings suggest that the leader moral anger can have positive consequences for both the leader and the organization. ابراز خشم اخلاقی رهبران در مهار رفتارهای غیراخلاقی و حفظ محیط اخلاقی در سازمان ها موضوع بسیار با اهمیتی است، با این حال چگونگی و مکانیزم تأثیر آن ناشناخته می باشد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی تاثیر خشم اخلاقی رهبر بر اعتماد به رهبر، صداقت ادراکشده رهبر و عدالت سازمانی ادراک شده با نقش تعدیلگری اخلاق کاری اسلامی است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش کارمندان شاغل در بیمارستان های منتخب استان اصفهان بودند. تعداد 320 پرسشنامه توزیع شد که از این تعداد، 272 پرسشنامه صحیح برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. برای سنجش خشم اخلاقی رهبر از پرسشنامه شائو (2019)، برای سنجش صداقت ادراکشده از پرسشنامه شورمن و همکاران (2016) و مایر و دیویس (1999)، برای سنجش اعتماد به رهبر از پرسشنامه مایر و گاوین (2005)، برای سنجش عدالت سازمانی ادراک شده از پرسشنامه کولکوئیت و همکاران (2022) و برای سنجش اخلاق کاری اسلامی از پرسشنامه علی (1988) استفاده گردید. پایایی پرسشنامه به روش آلفای کرونباخ و روایی نیز به روش تحلیل عاملی تائید شد. برای آزمون فرضیه های پژوهش از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری و نرم افزار SmartPLS استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که خشم اخلاقی رهبر بر اعتماد به رهبر، صداقت و عدالت سازمانی ادراکشده تاثیر مثبت و معنادار دارد. همچنین صداقت ادراکشده رهبر بر اعتماد به رهبر و عدالت سازمانی ادراکشده تاثیر مثبت و معنادار دارد. به علاوه نتایج نشان داد که اخلاق کاری اسلامی در رابطه بین خشم اخلاقی رهبر و صداقت ادراک شده وی نقش تعدیلگر دارد. در حالت کلی نتایج پژوهش بیانگر آن است که بروز خشم اخلاقی رهبران می تواند پیامدهای مثبتی هم برای رهبر و هم برای سازمان داشته باشد.

https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_8447_df8802920322edacea3ac91649043f75.pdf

دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان پژوهش های مدیریت عمومی 2538-3418 17 64 2024 06 21 The Entrepreneurial Model of Developing Student Business Markets with the Foundational Data Theory Approach مدل کارآفرینانه توسعه بازارچه‌های کسب‌وکار دانش‌آموزی با رویکرد نظریه داده بنیاد 285 312 8448 10.22111/jmr.2024.45882.6019 FA حمید شاه کرم دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد بندرعباس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بندرعباس، ایران. مهدی باقری گروه مدیریت، واحد بندرعباس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بندرعباس، ایران. کلثوم نامی گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد بندرعباس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بندرعباس، ایران. 0000-0001-6643-0925 Journal Article 2023 06 10 Abstract It is necessary not to provide an integrated model based on entrepreneurship for the development of student business markets with the approach of foundation data theory and to know the factors that can cause the expansion of such markets in schools. This is important and the main goal of this research. Also, this research with the question of whether strengthening, appropriate educational background and people's knowledge can improve the level of entrepreneurship? designed and carried out. The current study was carried out with an exploratory approach and using the Foundation's data method. The interviews and information gathering were semi-structured, and by using the purposeful sampling method, information was collected from 24 experts in the field of business and entrepreneurship. According to the obtained results, a qualitative model was designed for student businesses. By extracting more than 465 open codes or initial concepts from the interviews, as well as 85 concepts and 26 categories, it was determined that the causal conditions that are directly involved in the development of business markets include 1. Entrepreneurial attitude of school officials and decision makers, 2. Motivation. students, 3. needs assessment and targeted development, 4. teaching-learning process, 5. school quality assessment and 6. continuous monitoring of business markets. The results showed that student business markets lead to improving the level of entrepreneurship, creating new value, training creative students, increasing ability and experience, and improving the level of employment and productivity of students. Finally, the entrepreneurial model for the development of student business markets was designed in secondary schools of the second period of Sistan and Baluchistan province. Case study Sistan & Baluchistan Highschool Materials and Methods This research was conducted with an exploratory approach using the foundational data theory method. Grounded theory is an exploratory research method.The sample of this research is the number of 24 education experts and principals of secondary schools of Sistan and Baluchistan province, who voluntarily participated in this study. Discussion and Results The findings of the contextual factors showed that the entrepreneurial atmosphere of the school means an environment that motivates and encourages students to carry out entrepreneurial activities such as criticizing and reviewing, giving ideas, presenting creative thoughts, expressing opinions and thoughts freely, learning and teaching through presenting materials. Interpersonal exchange of information, group discussion and dialogue with officials and teachers, cooperation, participation and empathy in achieving group work. School teachers and officials should also pay attention and importance to the correct work done by students. Also, an entrepreneurial atmosphere means supporting and welcoming the critical and creative ideas and thoughts of teachers and school students, close interaction between teachers and students and school officials, and the movement of schools towards becoming a learning organization; Conclusion Socio-cultural environment, in schools with a well-formed entrepreneurial culture, students consider themselves obliged to feel responsible for their business and future career. This sense of responsibility can be reflected in the responsibility of the business markets that are formed in their schools. وجود الگویی یکپارچه مبتنی بر کارآفرینی توسعه بازارچه‌های کسب‌وکار دانش‌آموزی با رویکرد نظریه داده بنیاد که باعث شناخت عوامل، گسترش این گونه بازارچه‌ها در مدارس شوند، ضروری میباشد. این امر دارای اهمیت و هدف اصلی این پژوهش بوده است. مطالعه حاضر با رویکرد اکتشافی و با بهرهگیری از روش داده بنیاد صورت پذیرفته است. مصاحبهها و گردآوری اطلاعات به صورت نیمه ساختاریافته بوده که با بهرهبردن از روش نمونهگیری هدفمند، اطلاعات جمعآوری گردید که از تعداد 24 نفر از کارشناسان حوزه کسب و کار و کارآفرینی مصاحبه انجام گرفت. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده مدلی کیفی برای کسبوکارهای دانشآموزی طراحی گردید. با استخراج بالغ‌بر 465 کد باز یا مفهوم اولیه از مصاحبه‌ها و نیز احصاء 85 مفهوم و 26 مقوله نشان داد شرایط علی که به طور مستقیم بر توسعه بازارچههای کسبوکار دخیل هستند. نتایج نشان داد بازارچههای کسب و کار دانشآموزی منجر به ارتقای سطح کارآفرینی، خلق ارزش جدید، تربیت و پرورش دانشآموزان خلاق، افزایش توانمندی و تجربه و بهبود سطح اشتغال و بهرهوری دانشاموزان میگردد. در نهایت مدل کارآفرینانه توسعه بازارچه‌های کسب‌وکار دانش‌آموزی در مدارس متوسطه دوره دوم استان سیستان و بلوچستان طراحی گردید.

https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_8448_a009e4e6f2b3d3d65980d293436d86d2.pdf

دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان پژوهش های مدیریت عمومی 2538-3418 17 64 2024 06 21 Investigating the Effect of Citizenship Rights Awareness on the Occurrence of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors by Exploring the Moderating role of Media Literacy بررسی تاثیر آگاهی از حقوق شهروندی بر بروز رفتارهای شهروندی سازمانی با تبیین نقش تعدیلگر سواد رسانه‌ای 313 344 7253 10.22111/jmr.2022.38175.5448 FA اسماعیل یعقوبی استادیارحقوق عمومی، دانشکده مدیریت و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار، چابهار، ایران. مهشید قریب پور دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت منابع انسانی، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصادی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. نازنین ذبیحی دان دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت کسب و کار، دانشگاه بین المللی چابهار، چابهار، ایران. Journal Article 2021 04 12 Abstract In the last two decades, the concept of organizational citizenship behavior has been widely discussed due to its importance in organizational performance, while less research has examined the external factors affecting it, so this study investigates the impact of citizenship rights awareness on organizational citizenship behaviors as an extra-organizational component through considering the employees working at the municipalities of seven biggest cities of Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, as a statistical population. This research introduces media literacy as one of the most influential variables on the knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of people in the present time as a moderating variable for the first time in the field of management. Using 3 questionnaires with confirmed validity and reliability, as well as using Pearson correlation coefficient, regression tests, and SEM, the hypotheses of this research were examined and it was concluded that not only awareness of citizenship rights can cause increasing organizational citizenship behaviors in municipality employees, but also media literacy is a significant modifier in this regard. Therefore, managers of organizations should be aware that it is time to pay more attention to extra-organizational factors (beyond the factors of individual behaviors, organizational behaviors and organizational structures) to increase organizational citizenship behaviors while the effective role of media literacy on perception and cognition of employees should not be neglected. Introduction Citizenship reflects the links between the individual and society in the form of rights, obligations and responsibilities and provides a framework for the interaction of individuals, groups and institutions (Kaldi and Purdenhad, 2012). Therefore, people's awareness of their rights not only leads to the establishment and consolidation of social security and welfare, but also this awareness can have positive effects on society and also on the groups in which the individual is a member, such as organizations (Jung, 2020). In recent years, attention to the effects of citizenship rights and awareness on social and organizational behaviors has expanded, although there are still few studies to examine the effects of variables such as: awareness of citizenship rights, perceived citizenship rights, and feelings and attitudes toward it. Organizational behavior variables are addressed. Therefore, this study aims to answer the question of whether employees' greater awareness of their citizenship rights leads to more organizational citizenship behaviors? Theoretical Framework Researchers consider citizenship to include a set of individual and social rights and duties that express the need for human beings to coexist peacefully with others and to be aware of their rights and duties in social relations (Sharafi and Taherpour, 2016). The concept of organizational citizenship behavior is one of the concepts related to management motivational theories, which was first proposed in 1983 and has been one of the most controversial topics of organizational behavior and means voluntary and conscious behavior that is useful for the organization but It has not been directly and explicitly identified by organizational reward systems, although it has a strong impact on organizational effectiveness (Shim and Firman, 2015; Ranaei et al., 2013). Media literacy pays attention to the audience's perception of how the media work and the ways of meaning-making in them and tries to make this analysis a habit for the audience (Afshani, Mazidi and Sadri, 2018). Methodology This research is applied in terms of purpose, which is done quantitatively and using descriptive data collection, and is of the correlation type, which means that it tries to discover the relationships between variables using the correlation coefficient. The statistical population of the study consists of official and unofficial employees of the municipalities of 7 major cities of Sistan and Baluchestan province (Zahedan, Zabol, Iranshahr, Chabahar, Saravan, Khash, Konarak), which are a total of 1750 people. The sample size was selected using Morgan table of 316 people and the type of random sampling was determined. The response rate to the questionnaire was 81%. To collect information in this research, a combination of three questionnaires has been used. In order to confirm the significance of the correlation between the research variables, Pearson correlation analysis was performed and also to measure the causal relationships between variables in the form of multivariate analysis, SEM method in AMOS software was used. Discussion This study showed that the set of organizational behaviors is also directly affected by awareness of organizational citizenship behaviors. Meanwhile, media literacy plays a key role in promoting citizenship rights on the one hand and promoting voluntary social activities on the other. Media literacy leads a person to adhere to moral principles and to be present in the organization with a higher work conscience and more than self-sacrifice and openness. در دو دهه اخیر مبحث رفتار شهروندی سازمانی بنا به اهمیت آن در عملکرد سازمانی، به وفور مورد بحث قرار گرفته است در حالی که کمتر تحقیقی به بررسی عوامل برون سازمانی موثر بر آن پرداخته است لذا این تحقیق با بررسی تاثیر آگاهی از حقوق شهروندی بر رفتار شهروندی سازمانی و با در نظر گرفتن کارکنان شهرداری های 7 شهر بزرگ استان سیستان و بلوچستان به عنوان جامعه آماری، بر آن است تا تاثیر مولفهای برون سازمانی را بر بروز رفتارهای شهروندی سازمانی کارکنان بسنجد. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی از نوع همبستگی است. بدین منظر از روش نمونه گیری طبقهای تصادفی برای نمونه گیری استفاده شد و حجم نمونه معادل 316 تعیین شد. این تحقیق، سواد رسانهای و یکی از تاثیرگذارترین متغیرها بر آگاهی و ادراک و نگرش افراد در زمانه فعلی را به عنوان متغیر تعدیلگر برای نخستین بار به حوزه مدیریت وارد می نماید. با بکارگیری 3 پرسشنامه و تایید روایی و پایایی آنها، و با استفاده از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، آزمونهای رگرسیون، و مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری، با بهره مندی از نرم افزار AMOS فرضیات این تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و این نتیجه حاصل شد که نه تنها آگاهی از حقوق شهروندی میتواند بروز رفتارهای شهروندی سازمانی کارکنان شهرداری را افزایش دهد بلکه سواد رسانه ای نیز تعدیلگر قابل توجهی در این رابطه است. لذا مدیران سازمانها باید توجه داشته باشند که زمان آن رسیده است تا به عوامل فراسازمانی (فراتر از عوامل رفتار فردی، رفتار سازمانی و ساختار سازمانی) برای افزایش رفتارهای شهروندی سازمانی توجه نمایند و نیز نباید از نقش تاثیرگذار سواد رسانهای بر ادراک و شناخت کارکنان از عوامل مختلف غافل شوند.

https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_7253_66550c36428c1b387e993b7f11d793be.pdf

دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان پژوهش های مدیریت عمومی 2538-3418 17 64 2024 06 21 Designing and Compiling a Strategic Roadmap for the Development of an Intelligent Citizen with a Data-Based Approach طراحی مدل نقشه راه استراتژیک شهروند هوشمند با رویکرد داده بنیاد 345 374 8449 10.22111/jmr.2023.41011.5689 FA علی رضا سرگلزائی استادیار گروه مدیریت، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران. حمیدرضا خدادادی دیدانی دانشجو دوره دکتری مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران. Journal Article 2021 12 19 Abstract Today, innovation in information and communication technology has always been at the heart of the implementation of new cities, including smart cities. Understanding the importance of the arrival of information technology in the country and the algebraic nature of this issue has caused this issue to be considered in Iran as well, and cities should implement it as examples for the purpose of smart city, which is to facilitate human relations in the country. Although much research has been done on smart cities; But so far, the strategic roadmap for the development of smart citizens has not been designed. The ultimate goal of this study was to understand the data of the Smart Citizen Development Model Foundation in Tehran. The research data were counted during 15 semi-structured interviews with selected university experts in Tehran and then extracted in the coding process and related categories in the form of causal conditions, axial phenomena, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences. A specific conceptual model was described during the selective coding stage of each model element in order to create a research theory. The results of this study can help city managers to identify policies, systems and procedures that help or hinder the creation and development of smart citizens. Also, the set of strategies that the smart citizen chooses and leads to the consequences of the smart citizen development model; Demonstrates flexibility and leadership in action. Introduction The third millennium AD is the millennium of urbanization and is referred to as the second wave of urbanization. The intelligence of cities or communities is a very big issue and an endless and unstable process. The smart city has no clear boundaries with the surrounding community and is in constant interaction with actors outside the smart city area (Rashki & Arab Anani, 2020; 777). Smart cities to improve urban efficiency by using data, communications and information technology to provide effective and useful services for smart citizens who have created initiatives as citizens and the creative business model to monitor and control the existing infrastructure and Encourage the private and public sectors to expand (Mohammadi & Ostovar, 2015: 17). The introduction of information technology and the concept of smart cities has become important in Iran to address the challenges created by the rapid urbanization. It is seen as a tool to improve the quality of urban life and provide more services to citizens. The concept of smart citizen has emerged as a means to build active ICT services and applications for citizens, companies, and officials. This can improve the productivity and quality of services provided by governing institutions (Rustaei et al, 2018: 198). Considering the importance and position of developing a strategic roadmap for the development of smart citizens; There is a reasonable expectation regarding the appropriateness of the scientific package (theoretical framework, model, variables, factors affecting the model, etc.) related to the development of the smart citizen, because despite the maximum need for mapping and methodical framework in the field of smart citizen, What has been enumerated in this research has been examined in less scientific documents regarding the necessary infrastructures for the development of intelligent citizens. Therefore, the purpose of this study is "designing and compiling a strategic roadmap for the development of smart citizens in Tehran" and the main question of the research is: What is the model of the strategic roadmap for the development of smart citizens? Materials and Methods The method of this research is qualitative and to discover the concepts and relationships in the raw data collected from interviewing experts and organizing them, a theoretical explanatory plan, analysis of the major part of this research is interpretive. The data research strategy of the foundation according to Strauss and Corbin (2008) theory has been used as a qualitative research approach. This approach has systematic procedures for theorizing about phenomena based on the inductive approach. Data foundation theory is an inductive method of theory discovery that allows the researcher to develop a theoretical report, while the general characteristics of the subject simultaneously strengthen the basis of the report in the empirical observations of the data. Theorizing is not derived from available data, but data is created or conceptualized from participants who have experienced the process. In this strategy, people in the environment are considered and their feelings are understood, so it is efficient and shows more complexity of the process. The method of collecting research data is cross-sectional. The logic of selecting sample members was based on theoretical sampling and then snowball in addition to specialized and organizational expertise, experience and professional interaction, knowledge and awareness of the subject and focus of the present study. The target population at this stage included 15 selected managers and experts and related academic experts who collected and completed data and required information through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Twenty interviews were conducted (with selected and nominated individuals); But during the interview process, the researcher was convinced that with 15 theoretical saturation interviews, the sampling process ended. Discussion and Results The study used Max QDA software to analyze the data set through open, axial, and selective coding steps. In the open coding stage, 338 initial codes were identified from qualitative interviews. In the axial coding stage, the codes and statistical subcategories were reduced, summarized, and deepened to establish a final understanding of the relationship between concepts and categories. Categories were compared, combined, and integrated to organize the meanings obtained from the research and create main blocks or clusters of categories. Before addressing any of the elements of the model, it should be noted that researchers have chosen the following definition as their autonomous definition for the present study: amplifies; strengthens; intensifies. The smart citizen has the ability to change the situation in this idea and can play a more prominent role in the theory of the smart city along with information and communication technology, which has been emphasized a lot, and on the other hand, these technologies are at the service of citizens. Has made the world of information facing citizens” (Hemment and Townsend, 2013: 14). Therefore, the concepts and relationships of the elements of the strategic roadmap for the development of the intelligent citizen have been designed and organized in the light of this definition. Conclusion The research presents a paradigm model of intelligent citizen development that includes six main sets of dimensions in the form of a conceptual model. It suggests that constructive interaction and support from city managers are necessary to create and develop intelligent citizens in Tehran. The development of information and communication technology, along with socio-economic and socio-technical growth, is crucial for the development of intelligent citizens. The research recommends designing and strengthening urban added values, adopting policies, defining intelligent citizens, and allocating resources to systematize and strengthen intelligent behaviors. هدف این پژوهش طراحی مدل نقشه راه استراتژیک شهروند هوشمند بود. روش پژوهش حاضر کیفی و برای کشف مفاهیم و رابطهها در داده های خام گردآوری شده حاصل از انجام مصاحبه با خبرگان است. استراتژی پژوهش، داده بنیاد بود و بر طبق نظریه استراوس و کوربین عنوان یک رویکرد پژوهش کیفی استفاده شد. روش گردآوری دادههای تحقیق از نوع پیمایشی–مقطعی است. منطق انتخاب اعضای نمونه، مبتنی بر نمونهگیری نظری و سپس گلوله برفی بوده است. دادههای پژوهش طی 15 مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته با خبرگان دانشگاهی منتخب شهر تهران احصاء و سپس در فرایند کدگذاری استخراج و مقولههای هم پیوند در قالب شرایط علی، پدیده محوری، شرایط زمینهای، شرایط مداخلهگر، راهبردها و پیامدهای مدل مفهومی معین و طی مرحله کدگذاری انتخابی هر یک از عناصر الگو به منظور خلق نظریه پژوهش تشریح شد. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از آن است که برای بسترسازی، ایجاد شهروند هوشمند در شهر تهران تعامل سازنده و انواع حمایتهای مدیران شهری از رفتارهای آغازگرانه شهروندان ضرورت دارد. بهره مندی از نتایج رفتارهای فردی شهروندان (شهر تهران) مستلزم مقبولیت و مشروعیت های توسعه شهروندی اینگونه رفتارها است. جهت گیری شفاف به نهادینه سازی اینگونه رفتارها نیز از اهم موارد ایجاد شهروند هوشمند است.

https://jmr.usb.ac.ir/article_8449_ef5307b49ae3d0b3648128942dfdec30.pdf